A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. Cellutitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the skin and the connected tissues just beneath the skin as a result of infection of certain types of bacteria.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Cellutitis
1. In a study of "Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cellulitis--and the value of recognition" by Khawcharoenporn T, Tice AD, Grandinetti A, Chow D. (Source from John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA. thanak30@yahoo.com, Hawaii Med J. 2010 Oct;69(10):232-6.Hawaii Medical Journal Copyright 2010), posted in PubMed, researchers found that The presence of abscesses and obesity were significantly associated with CA-MRSA cellulitis. Empiric therapy with antibiotics active against MRSA should be guided by these risk factors.
2. According to the abstract of atudy of "Abdominal wall cellulitis in the morbidly obese" by Thorsteinsdottir B, Tleyjeh IM, Baddour LM. (Source from Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA. Thorsteinsdottir.bjorg@mayo.edu., Scand J Infect Dis. 2005;37(8):605-608), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Of the 260 cases of cellulitis identified, 24 (9.2%) had morbid obesity and abdominal wall cellulitis. The mean age of the 24 patients was 47 (range 22-70) y and over two-thirds of them were females. Their mean body mass index (BMI) was 62.3 (range 39.6-108.6). 17 (70.8%) had a remote history of abdominal surgery. 16 patients required 23 hospitalizations. Five patients developed cellulitis complications and 7 (29.1%) patients had recurrent bouts of cellulitis during the study period. Abdominal wall cellulitis is a unique infectious complication in patients with morbid obesity. Further study is needed to better define the pathogenesis of this illness to develop strategies in treatment and prevention.
3. In a study of "Obesity and dermatology" by Scheinfeld NS. (Source from Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center and Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. scheinfeld@earthlink.net, Clin Dermatol. 2004 Jul-Aug;22(4):303-9.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Obesity is associated with a number of dermatoses. It affects cutaneous sensation, temperature regulation, foot shape, and vasculature. Acanthosis nigricans is the most common dermatological manifestation of obesity. Skin tags are more commonly associated with diabetes than with obesity. Obesity increases the incidence of cutaneous infections that include: candidiasis, intertigo, candida folliculitis, furunculosis, erythrasma, tinea cruris, and folliculitis. Less common infections include cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and gas gangrene. Leg ulcerations, lymphedema, plantar hyperkeratosis, and striae are more common with obesity. Hormonal abnormalities and genetic syndromes (Prader-Willi) are related to obesity and its dermatoses; however, cellulite is not related to obesity.
4. According to the study of "Dermatological complications of obesity" by García Hidalgo L. (Source from Department of Dermatology, Salvador Zubiran National Nutrition Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. lindagh@avantel.net, Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(7):497-506.), posted in PubMed, researcher found that This infection, most commonly candidiasis, is best treated with topical antifungal agents; systemic antifungal therapy may be required in some patients. Excess load on the feet can result in morphological changes that require careful diagnosis; insoles may offer some symptom relief while control of obesity is achieved. Obesity-related dermatoses associated with hospitalization, such as pressure ulcers, diminished wound healing, dermatoses secondary to respiratory conditions, and incontinence, must all be carefully managed with an emphasis on prevention where possible. Recognition and control of the dermatological complications of obesity play an important role in diminishing the morbidity of obesity.
5. In a study of "Obesity and the skin: skin physiology and skin manifestations of obesity" by Yosipovitch G, DeVore A, Dawn A. (Source from Departments of Dermatology, Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. gyosipov@wfubmc.edu,J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Jun;56(6):901-16; quiz 917-20.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that obesity is implicated in a wide spectrum of dermatologic diseases, including acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, keratosis pilaris, hyperandrogenism and hirsutism, striae distensae, adiposis dolorosa, and fat redistribution, lymphedema, chronic venous insufficiency, plantar hyperkeratosis, cellulitis, skin infections, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, insulin resistance syndrome, and tophaceous gout. We review the clinical features, evidence for association with obesity, and management of these various dermatoses and highlight the profound impact of obesity in clinical dermatology. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: After completing this learning activity, participants should be aware of obesity-associated changes in skin physiology, skin manifestations of obesity, and dermatologic diseases aggravated by obesity, and be able to formulate a pathophysiology-based treatment strategy for obesity-associated dermatoses.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Cellutitis
1. According to the study of "Critical care of the morbidly obese in disaster" by Geiling J. (Source from Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 215 North Main Street, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA. james.geiling@dartmouth.edu, Crit Care Clin. 2010 Oct;26(4):703-14. Epub 2010 Aug 8.Published by Elsevier Inc.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that The prevalence of obesity in the United States is increasing, with extreme morbid obesity of body mass index greater than 40 increasing twice as fast as obesity in general. With the increased weight comes an increased risk of comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems such as obstructive sleep apnea or restrictive lung disease, skin disorders such as intertrigo and cellulitis, and urinary incontinence. Thus, patients exposed to a variety of disasters not only are increasingly overweight but also have an associated number of coexistent medical conditions that require increased support with medical devices and medications. This article focuses on management of the morbidly obese patients during disasters.
2. In a study of "Serum piperacillin/tazobactam pharmacokinetics in a morbidly obese individual" by Newman D, Scheetz MH, Adeyemi OA, Montevecchi M, Nicolau DP, Noskin GA, Postelnick MJ. (Source from Department of Pharmacy, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, Ann Pharmacother. 60611, USA. 2007 Oct;41(10):1734-9. Epub 2007 Aug 28), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Pathogens with elevated MICs may require altered dosing schemes with piperacillin/tazobactam. Future studies are warranted to assess increased dosages, more frequent dosing intervals, or continuous infusion dosing schemes for obese individuals with serious infections.
3. In abstract of the study of "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of linezolid in obese patients with cellulitis" by Stein GE, Schooley SL, Peloquin CA, Kak V, Havlichek DH, Citron DM, Tyrrell KL, Goldstein EJ. (Source from Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, B320 Life Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA. steing@msu.edu, Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Mar;39(3):427-32. Epub 2005 Feb 8), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Serum concentrations of oral linezolid in this patient population were diminished compared with those of healthy volunteers, but still provided prolonged serum inhibitory activity against common pathogens associated with skin/soft tissue infections. One treatment concern would be an obese patient receiving oral linezolid who was infected with a less susceptible (MIC > or =4.0 microg/mL) strain of S. aureus. Bactericidal activity was also observed against selective pathogens.
4. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Wednesday, September 14, 2011
Obesity and Renal Disease
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. Renal Disease
Renal or kidney disease is defined as a condition of damage of tiny structures in kidney called nephrons that can lead to abnormal function of kidney in moving waste with no symptoms as the disease progress slowly over years.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Renal Disease
1. According to the study of "Mechanisms linking obesity, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease: the roles of fetuin-A, adiponectin, and AMPK" by Ix JH, Sharma K. (Source from Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego/Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA 92093-0711, USA., J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar;21(3):406-12. Epub 2010 Feb 11), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Recent studies identify mechanisms common to both diseases linked through an interorgan communication orchestrated by fetuin-A and adiponectin. In liver and kidney, the energy sensor 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is pivotal to directing podocytes and hepatocytes to compensatory and potentially deleterious pathways, leading to inflammatory and profibrotic cascades culminating in end-organ damage. Regulation of these early upstream pathways may provide new therapeutic targets for these increasingly common sequelae of obesity.
2. In a study of "Biochemical study of oxidative stress markers in the liver, kidney and heart of high fat diet induced obesity in rats" by Noeman SA, Hamooda HE, Baalash AA. (Source from Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt., nooman1234@hotmail.com, Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2011 Aug 3;3(1):17), posted in PubMed, researchers found that high fat diet-induced obesity is accompanied by increased hepatic, heart, and renal tissues oxidative stress, which is characterized by reduction in the antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione levels, that correlate with the increase in MDA and PCO levels in most tissues. This may probably contribute to the additional progression of obesity related problems.
3. In a study of "[Obesity and chronic kidney disease]".[Article in Russian] by Bondar' IA, Klimontov VV, Simakova AI., Ter Arkh. 2011;83(6):66-70, posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity and overweight are now characterized as epidemics. It is shown that body overweight is associated with functional and structural changes in the kidneys,..., A decrease of body weight following lifestyle modification or bariatric surgery leads to reduction in albuminuria and eliminates hyperfiltration in obese subjects. Thus, prevention and treatment of obesity may reduce CKD incidence in general population.
4. In abstract of in a study of "[Overweight and obesity--risk factors in the development and progression of renal disease]" [Article in Slovak], by Sebeková K, Klassen A, Bahner U, Heidland A. (Source from Vedecko-výskumná základna Slovenskej zdravotníckej univerzity, Ustav preventívnej a klinickej medicíny, Bratislava, Slovenská republika., Vnitr Lek. 2004 Jul;50(7):544-9.) researchers found that Obesity-related renal disease may be prevented/postponed by an early weight reduction, by dietary intervention combined with physical exercise. In the advanced stages of renal disease benefits of weight reduction are minimal. Concomitant administration of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor 1 blockers exerts antiproteinuric effects and thereby aid in retarding the disease progression. Aimed prevention and treatment of obesity represent a challenge for the healthcare system. The concerted action of physicians, patients and the public health authorities is needed.
5. In a study of "The role of obesity and its bioclinical correlates in the progression of chronic kidney disease" by Chalmers L, Kaskel FJ, Bamgbola O. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2006 Oct;13(4):352-64.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Reduced fetal protein synthesis contributes to oxidative glomerular injury and impairment of renal morphogenesis. Thus, kidneys are poorly equipped to handle physiologic stress that may result from the rapid body growth and programmed metabolic dysfunction later in life. Finally, in order to minimize morbidity of obesity-related kidney disease, preventive strategy must include optimal maternal health care, promotion of healthy nutrition and routine physical exercise, and early detection of CKD.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Renal Disease
1. According to the study of "The role of the primary care physician in managing early stages of chronic kidney disease" by Coritsidis GN, Linden E, Stern AS. (Source from Mount Sinai Services, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY. coritsg@nychhc.org, Postgrad Med. 2011 Sep;123(5):177-85), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Recent increases in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, along with the aging of the US population..... Nephrology evaluation at this point is essential to facilitate timely preparation for care of end-stage renal disease through preemptive transplantation or planned transition to dialysis. In addition to stringent control of underlying hypertension and/or diabetes, mineral metabolic parameters (serum parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, calcium, and bicarbonate) in patients with advancing CKD should be managed closely to avoid adverse effects on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems.
2. In a study of "A quick guide to evidence-based chronic kidney disease care for the primary care physician" by Fox CH, Voleti V, Khan LS, Murray B, Vassalotti J. (Source from University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. chetfox@gmail.com, Postgrad Med. 2008 Jul 31;120(2):E01-6), posted in PebMed, researchers indicated that with the aging of the US population and the increase in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in the United States,... there is limited knowledge and uptake of these guidelines because of their length and and complexity. Patients with CKD risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, a family history of CKD, and those older than 60 years should be screened using 2 tests: 1) the estimated glomerular filtration rate and 2) the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. These tests allow the diagnosis and stratification of CKD into 5 stages. This article synthesizes the key evidence-based behaviors and clinical action plan that primary care physicians can implement to treat CKD and its complications.
3. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
B. Renal Disease
Renal or kidney disease is defined as a condition of damage of tiny structures in kidney called nephrons that can lead to abnormal function of kidney in moving waste with no symptoms as the disease progress slowly over years.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Renal Disease
1. According to the study of "Mechanisms linking obesity, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease: the roles of fetuin-A, adiponectin, and AMPK" by Ix JH, Sharma K. (Source from Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego/Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA 92093-0711, USA., J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar;21(3):406-12. Epub 2010 Feb 11), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Recent studies identify mechanisms common to both diseases linked through an interorgan communication orchestrated by fetuin-A and adiponectin. In liver and kidney, the energy sensor 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is pivotal to directing podocytes and hepatocytes to compensatory and potentially deleterious pathways, leading to inflammatory and profibrotic cascades culminating in end-organ damage. Regulation of these early upstream pathways may provide new therapeutic targets for these increasingly common sequelae of obesity.
2. In a study of "Biochemical study of oxidative stress markers in the liver, kidney and heart of high fat diet induced obesity in rats" by Noeman SA, Hamooda HE, Baalash AA. (Source from Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt., nooman1234@hotmail.com, Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2011 Aug 3;3(1):17), posted in PubMed, researchers found that high fat diet-induced obesity is accompanied by increased hepatic, heart, and renal tissues oxidative stress, which is characterized by reduction in the antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione levels, that correlate with the increase in MDA and PCO levels in most tissues. This may probably contribute to the additional progression of obesity related problems.
3. In a study of "[Obesity and chronic kidney disease]".[Article in Russian] by Bondar' IA, Klimontov VV, Simakova AI., Ter Arkh. 2011;83(6):66-70, posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity and overweight are now characterized as epidemics. It is shown that body overweight is associated with functional and structural changes in the kidneys,..., A decrease of body weight following lifestyle modification or bariatric surgery leads to reduction in albuminuria and eliminates hyperfiltration in obese subjects. Thus, prevention and treatment of obesity may reduce CKD incidence in general population.
4. In abstract of in a study of "[Overweight and obesity--risk factors in the development and progression of renal disease]" [Article in Slovak], by Sebeková K, Klassen A, Bahner U, Heidland A. (Source from Vedecko-výskumná základna Slovenskej zdravotníckej univerzity, Ustav preventívnej a klinickej medicíny, Bratislava, Slovenská republika., Vnitr Lek. 2004 Jul;50(7):544-9.) researchers found that Obesity-related renal disease may be prevented/postponed by an early weight reduction, by dietary intervention combined with physical exercise. In the advanced stages of renal disease benefits of weight reduction are minimal. Concomitant administration of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor 1 blockers exerts antiproteinuric effects and thereby aid in retarding the disease progression. Aimed prevention and treatment of obesity represent a challenge for the healthcare system. The concerted action of physicians, patients and the public health authorities is needed.
5. In a study of "The role of obesity and its bioclinical correlates in the progression of chronic kidney disease" by Chalmers L, Kaskel FJ, Bamgbola O. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2006 Oct;13(4):352-64.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Reduced fetal protein synthesis contributes to oxidative glomerular injury and impairment of renal morphogenesis. Thus, kidneys are poorly equipped to handle physiologic stress that may result from the rapid body growth and programmed metabolic dysfunction later in life. Finally, in order to minimize morbidity of obesity-related kidney disease, preventive strategy must include optimal maternal health care, promotion of healthy nutrition and routine physical exercise, and early detection of CKD.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Renal Disease
1. According to the study of "The role of the primary care physician in managing early stages of chronic kidney disease" by Coritsidis GN, Linden E, Stern AS. (Source from Mount Sinai Services, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY. coritsg@nychhc.org, Postgrad Med. 2011 Sep;123(5):177-85), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Recent increases in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, along with the aging of the US population..... Nephrology evaluation at this point is essential to facilitate timely preparation for care of end-stage renal disease through preemptive transplantation or planned transition to dialysis. In addition to stringent control of underlying hypertension and/or diabetes, mineral metabolic parameters (serum parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, calcium, and bicarbonate) in patients with advancing CKD should be managed closely to avoid adverse effects on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems.
2. In a study of "A quick guide to evidence-based chronic kidney disease care for the primary care physician" by Fox CH, Voleti V, Khan LS, Murray B, Vassalotti J. (Source from University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. chetfox@gmail.com, Postgrad Med. 2008 Jul 31;120(2):E01-6), posted in PebMed, researchers indicated that with the aging of the US population and the increase in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in the United States,... there is limited knowledge and uptake of these guidelines because of their length and and complexity. Patients with CKD risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, a family history of CKD, and those older than 60 years should be screened using 2 tests: 1) the estimated glomerular filtration rate and 2) the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. These tests allow the diagnosis and stratification of CKD into 5 stages. This article synthesizes the key evidence-based behaviors and clinical action plan that primary care physicians can implement to treat CKD and its complications.
3. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Obesity and Increased Uric Acid
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. Uric acid, the form of ions and salts is a by product of chemical after the body breaks down purines, the substance is found in many foods, including Asparagus, Bacon, Beef, Bluefish, Bouillon, Calf tongue, Carp, Cauliflower, Chicken, Chicken soup, Codfish, Crab, Duck, Goose, etc.. High levels of uric acid in blood serum can be harmful, leading to gout and forming of kidney stones.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Increased Uric Acid
1. Acccording to the study of "Serum uric acid as an obesity-related indicator in early adolescence" by Oyama C, Takahashi T, Oyamada M, Oyamada T, Ohno T, Miyashita M, Saito S, Komatsu K, Takashina K, Takada G. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006 Jul;209(3):257-62), posted in PubMed, researchers found that In general, children are evaluated as obesity, when POW is equal to or more than 20% (>or= 20%). Serum uric acid levels are positively correlated with obesity-related indicators, BMI and POW, in both boys and girls. Serum uric acid levels of the subjects with high POW (>or= 20%) are significantly higher than those of the subjects with low POW (< 20%) in both boys and girls. These results suggest that serum uric acid levels are significantly increased with obesity and could be used as one of obesity-related indicators even in early adolescence.
2. In an abstract of study of "Recent trends of hyperuricemia and obesity in Japanese male adolescents, 1991 through 2002" by Ogura T, Matsuura K, Matsumoto Y, Mimura Y, Kishida M, Otsuka F, Tobe K. (Source from Health and Medical Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. Metabolism. 2004 Apr;53(4):448-53), posted in PubMed, researchers found rhat Hyperuricemia was related to the presence of other risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, liver function abnormality, and hypertension. The frequencies of such abnormalities were higher than euuricemic subjects and this trend was notable in the most recent students enrolled from 1999 through 2002. Hyperuricemia was even found in the group of non-obese male adolescents. Taking into consideration that hyperuricemia is associated with a high prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases in adults, it is of great importance to prevent hyperuricemia at the early stage in Japanese adolescents.
3. In a study of "[Uric acid nephrolithiasis]", [Article in French], by Dussol B. (Source from Centre de néphrologie et de transplantation rénale, hôpital de la Conception, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05. bertrand.dussol@ap-hm, Rev Prat. 2011 Mar;61(3):389-92), posted in PubMed, researcher indicated that Its frequency will increase in the next decades because of the ageing and the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiologic defect is an excessively acidic urine pH rather than hyperuricosuria. Undissociated uric acid is poorly soluble in acidic urines (pH < 5.5) but solubility increases when sodium urate forms at higher pH. Insulin resistance may contribute to the development of acidic urine because of higher net acid excretion. Because uric acid kidney stones are radiolucent, diagnosis is based on echography and tomodensitometry. Medical management strategies focus primarily on alkali treatment and/or decreasing hyper-uricosuria.
4. According to a study of "Uric acid nephrolithiasis" by Liebman SE, Taylor JG, Bushinsky DA. (Source from University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Nephrology Division, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. scott_liebman@urmc.rochester.edu, Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Jun;9(3):251-7.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Uric acid nephrolithiasis is typically found in individuals with a low urine pH and a normal concentration of urinary uric acid. Patients with a history of gout are at greater risk of forming uric acid stones, as are patients with obesity, diabetes, or the complete metabolic syndrome. The unifying renal tubular abnormality of these disorders appears to be the excretion of abnormally acidic urine. This article focuses on the relationship of these disorders to the development of uric acid stones.
5. According to a study of "Relation of uric acid with components of metabolic syndrome before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese subjects" by Serpa Neto A, Rossi FM, Valle LG, Teixeira GK, Rossi M. (Source from Division of Clinical and Surgical Treatment of Obesity, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil. aryserpa@terra.com.br, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011 Feb;55(1):38-45.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Concentrations of uric acid were associated with the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in this sample of morbidly obese patients. Also, weight loss after RYGBP can reduce uric acid levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Increased Uric Acid
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Obesity and urolithiasis" by Asplin JR. (Source from Litholink Corporation, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jasplin@litholink.com, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2009 Jan;16(1):11-20), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Obesity can increase stone risk in multiple ways. Excess nutritional intake increases traffic of lithogenic substances such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Metabolic syndrome, commonly associated with obesity, alters renal acid-base metabolism, resulting in a lower urine pH and increased risk of uric acid stone disease......, Certainly, the many health risks of obesity, including urolithiasis, necessitate weight loss, but recognition of the potential complications of such therapies is required to prevent induction of new and equally severe medical problems. The optimal approach to weight control that minimizes stone risk needs to be determined.
2. In a study of "Body size and 24-hour urine composition" by Taylor EN, Curhan GC. (Source from Renal Division and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. entaylor@partners.org, Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Dec;48(6):905-15), posted in PubMed, researchers filed the conclusion of Positive associations between BMI and urinary calcium excretion likely are due to differences in animal protein and sodium intake. The greater incidence of kidney stones in the obese may be due to an increase in uric acid nephrolithiasis.
3. In abstract of the study of "Benefits of sustained moderate weight loss in obesity" by Pasanisi F, Contaldo F, de Simone G, Mancini M. (Source from Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. pasanisi@unina.itm Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001 Dec;11(6):401-6.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that a large number of obese patients may be sensitive to a modest weight loss even without the achievement of ideal body weight. Sustained moderate weight loss by itself is definitely beneficial in obesity (especially "malignant" and "morbid" obesity), but also in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiorespiratory diseases and other chronic degenerative diseases associated with any degree of excess body fat.
4. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
B. Uric acid, the form of ions and salts is a by product of chemical after the body breaks down purines, the substance is found in many foods, including Asparagus, Bacon, Beef, Bluefish, Bouillon, Calf tongue, Carp, Cauliflower, Chicken, Chicken soup, Codfish, Crab, Duck, Goose, etc.. High levels of uric acid in blood serum can be harmful, leading to gout and forming of kidney stones.
C. How do calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
D. How Obesity associates with Increased Uric Acid
1. Acccording to the study of "Serum uric acid as an obesity-related indicator in early adolescence" by Oyama C, Takahashi T, Oyamada M, Oyamada T, Ohno T, Miyashita M, Saito S, Komatsu K, Takashina K, Takada G. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006 Jul;209(3):257-62), posted in PubMed, researchers found that In general, children are evaluated as obesity, when POW is equal to or more than 20% (>or= 20%). Serum uric acid levels are positively correlated with obesity-related indicators, BMI and POW, in both boys and girls. Serum uric acid levels of the subjects with high POW (>or= 20%) are significantly higher than those of the subjects with low POW (< 20%) in both boys and girls. These results suggest that serum uric acid levels are significantly increased with obesity and could be used as one of obesity-related indicators even in early adolescence.
2. In an abstract of study of "Recent trends of hyperuricemia and obesity in Japanese male adolescents, 1991 through 2002" by Ogura T, Matsuura K, Matsumoto Y, Mimura Y, Kishida M, Otsuka F, Tobe K. (Source from Health and Medical Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. Metabolism. 2004 Apr;53(4):448-53), posted in PubMed, researchers found rhat Hyperuricemia was related to the presence of other risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, liver function abnormality, and hypertension. The frequencies of such abnormalities were higher than euuricemic subjects and this trend was notable in the most recent students enrolled from 1999 through 2002. Hyperuricemia was even found in the group of non-obese male adolescents. Taking into consideration that hyperuricemia is associated with a high prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases in adults, it is of great importance to prevent hyperuricemia at the early stage in Japanese adolescents.
3. In a study of "[Uric acid nephrolithiasis]", [Article in French], by Dussol B. (Source from Centre de néphrologie et de transplantation rénale, hôpital de la Conception, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05. bertrand.dussol@ap-hm, Rev Prat. 2011 Mar;61(3):389-92), posted in PubMed, researcher indicated that Its frequency will increase in the next decades because of the ageing and the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiologic defect is an excessively acidic urine pH rather than hyperuricosuria. Undissociated uric acid is poorly soluble in acidic urines (pH < 5.5) but solubility increases when sodium urate forms at higher pH. Insulin resistance may contribute to the development of acidic urine because of higher net acid excretion. Because uric acid kidney stones are radiolucent, diagnosis is based on echography and tomodensitometry. Medical management strategies focus primarily on alkali treatment and/or decreasing hyper-uricosuria.
4. According to a study of "Uric acid nephrolithiasis" by Liebman SE, Taylor JG, Bushinsky DA. (Source from University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Nephrology Division, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. scott_liebman@urmc.rochester.edu, Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Jun;9(3):251-7.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Uric acid nephrolithiasis is typically found in individuals with a low urine pH and a normal concentration of urinary uric acid. Patients with a history of gout are at greater risk of forming uric acid stones, as are patients with obesity, diabetes, or the complete metabolic syndrome. The unifying renal tubular abnormality of these disorders appears to be the excretion of abnormally acidic urine. This article focuses on the relationship of these disorders to the development of uric acid stones.
5. According to a study of "Relation of uric acid with components of metabolic syndrome before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese subjects" by Serpa Neto A, Rossi FM, Valle LG, Teixeira GK, Rossi M. (Source from Division of Clinical and Surgical Treatment of Obesity, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil. aryserpa@terra.com.br, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2011 Feb;55(1):38-45.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that Concentrations of uric acid were associated with the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in this sample of morbidly obese patients. Also, weight loss after RYGBP can reduce uric acid levels and the prevalence of hyperuricemia.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Increased Uric Acid
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Obesity and urolithiasis" by Asplin JR. (Source from Litholink Corporation, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jasplin@litholink.com, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2009 Jan;16(1):11-20), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Obesity can increase stone risk in multiple ways. Excess nutritional intake increases traffic of lithogenic substances such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Metabolic syndrome, commonly associated with obesity, alters renal acid-base metabolism, resulting in a lower urine pH and increased risk of uric acid stone disease......, Certainly, the many health risks of obesity, including urolithiasis, necessitate weight loss, but recognition of the potential complications of such therapies is required to prevent induction of new and equally severe medical problems. The optimal approach to weight control that minimizes stone risk needs to be determined.
2. In a study of "Body size and 24-hour urine composition" by Taylor EN, Curhan GC. (Source from Renal Division and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. entaylor@partners.org, Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Dec;48(6):905-15), posted in PubMed, researchers filed the conclusion of Positive associations between BMI and urinary calcium excretion likely are due to differences in animal protein and sodium intake. The greater incidence of kidney stones in the obese may be due to an increase in uric acid nephrolithiasis.
3. In abstract of the study of "Benefits of sustained moderate weight loss in obesity" by Pasanisi F, Contaldo F, de Simone G, Mancini M. (Source from Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. pasanisi@unina.itm Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001 Dec;11(6):401-6.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that a large number of obese patients may be sensitive to a modest weight loss even without the achievement of ideal body weight. Sustained moderate weight loss by itself is definitely beneficial in obesity (especially "malignant" and "morbid" obesity), but also in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiorespiratory diseases and other chronic degenerative diseases associated with any degree of excess body fat.
4. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Obesity and Urinary Incontinence
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence is defined as a condition of involuntary leakage of urine when under stress late stage of pregnancy, obesity, etc.
C. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height ( m2)
D. How Obesity associated with Urinary Incontinence
1. According to the study of "Risk Factors for the Development of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women" by Stothers L, Friedman B. (Source from University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada, lynns@interchange.ubc.ca, Curr Urol Rep. 2011 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print]). posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health condition that was shown to have detrimental impact on SUI (Stress urinary incontinence) development, while weight reduction was proven to reduce SUI.
2. According to the research of "Obesity and smoking: Are they modulators of cough intravesical peak pressure in stress urinary incontinence?" by Fuganti PE, Gowdy JM, Santiago NC. (Source from Hospital de Câncer de Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Int Braz J Urol. 2011 Jul-Aug;37(4):528-33.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obesity and smoking showed increased CIPP (maximal Intravesical Peak Pressures generated by Cough). While reduced BMI is related to lower CIPP, smoking cessation does not appear to diminish CIPP. These findings suggest that weight loss may reduce incontinence by CIPP modulation. However, the benefits of smoking cessation without additional lifestyle modification, may have no benefit to improve urinary incontinence.
3. In a study of "Prevalence and trends of urinary incontinence in adults in the United States, 2001 to 2008", by Markland AD, Richter HE, Fwu CW, Eggers P, Kusek JW (Source from Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.35249-7333, USA), post in PubMed, researchers found that The age standardized prevalence of urinary incontinence increased in men and women from 2001 through 2008. Decreasing obesity and diabetes may lessen the burden of urinary incontinence, especially in women.
4. In the abstract of the stuyd of "The prevalence of urinary incontinence and its burden on the quality of life among older adults with medicare supplement insurance" by Hawkins K, Pernarelli J, Ozminkowski RJ, Bai M, Gaston SJ, Hommer C, Migliori RJ, Yeh CS. (Source from Health Care Innovation and Information, Ingenix, 5430 Data Court, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. Kevin.Hawkins@Ingenix.com, Qual Life Res. 2011 Jun;20(5):723-32. Epub 2010 Dec 8.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Of the 5,530 eligible respondents, 37.5% reported having UI. The strongest predictors of UI were female gender, advancing age, and obesity. All the QOL estimates were significantly lower for those with UI (P < 0.001). Further, UI had a stronger influence on QOL than did diabetes, cancer, and arthritis, particularly from a mental health standpoint.
5.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Urinary continence
1. According to the study of "Obesity and weight management in the elderly" by Han TS, Tajar A, Lean ME. (Source from Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ashford and St Peter’s NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK., Br Med Bull. 2011;97:169-96. Epub 2011 Feb 16.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that A large number of clinical consequences of overweight and obesity are particularly problematic for elderly individuals, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, arthritis, urinary incontinence and depression. Obesity, and specifically sarcopenic obesity, should also be prevented not only from younger age, but also during major life transitions including retirement, to improve better health outcomes and quality of life in later years, with a focus on those in 'obese families', where the main increases in obesity are located. Randomized controlled trials to determine health benefits and risks from long-term weight management in obese elderly are necessary.
2. In an abstract of the study of `[Sub-urethral sling in the treatment of female urinary incontinence: which? how?]` [Article in French] by Debodinance P, Hermieu JF. (Source Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, GCS Flandre-Maritime, avenue de la Polyclinique, 59760 Grande-Synthe, France. ph.debodinance@wanadoo.fr, Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2010 Oct;38(10):607-19. Epub 2010 Sep 28.), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Without adequate clinical trials proving their efficacy and safety, the mini-bands can so far be recommended to treat female stress urinary incontinence. Moderate overweight does not affect the results of laying tape. In patients with severe obesity, surgery to correct obesity is even better than surgery for incontinence. Age is not a contra-indication. If the patient is young and nulliparous,...
3. In a study of `Effect of weight loss on urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women: results at 12 and 18 months`by Wing RR, West DS, Grady D, Creasman JM, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW, Subak LL; Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise Group. (Source from The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. .rwing@lifespan.org, 2010 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved), posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Weight loss intervention reduced the frequency of stress incontinence episodes through 12 months and improved patient satisfaction with changes in incontinence through 18 months. Improving weight loss maintenance may provide longer term benefits for urinary incontinence.
4. According to the study of `Improving urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women through modest weight loss`by Wing RR, Creasman JM, West DS, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW, Subak LL; Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise. ( Source from Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Weight losses between 5% and 10% of body weight were sufficient for significant urinary incontinence benefits. Thus, weight loss should be considered as initial treatment for incontinence in overweight and obese women.
5. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
B. Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence is defined as a condition of involuntary leakage of urine when under stress late stage of pregnancy, obesity, etc.
C. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height ( m2)
D. How Obesity associated with Urinary Incontinence
1. According to the study of "Risk Factors for the Development of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women" by Stothers L, Friedman B. (Source from University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada, lynns@interchange.ubc.ca, Curr Urol Rep. 2011 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print]). posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health condition that was shown to have detrimental impact on SUI (Stress urinary incontinence) development, while weight reduction was proven to reduce SUI.
2. According to the research of "Obesity and smoking: Are they modulators of cough intravesical peak pressure in stress urinary incontinence?" by Fuganti PE, Gowdy JM, Santiago NC. (Source from Hospital de Câncer de Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Int Braz J Urol. 2011 Jul-Aug;37(4):528-33.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obesity and smoking showed increased CIPP (maximal Intravesical Peak Pressures generated by Cough). While reduced BMI is related to lower CIPP, smoking cessation does not appear to diminish CIPP. These findings suggest that weight loss may reduce incontinence by CIPP modulation. However, the benefits of smoking cessation without additional lifestyle modification, may have no benefit to improve urinary incontinence.
3. In a study of "Prevalence and trends of urinary incontinence in adults in the United States, 2001 to 2008", by Markland AD, Richter HE, Fwu CW, Eggers P, Kusek JW (Source from Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, Copyright © 2011 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.35249-7333, USA), post in PubMed, researchers found that The age standardized prevalence of urinary incontinence increased in men and women from 2001 through 2008. Decreasing obesity and diabetes may lessen the burden of urinary incontinence, especially in women.
4. In the abstract of the stuyd of "The prevalence of urinary incontinence and its burden on the quality of life among older adults with medicare supplement insurance" by Hawkins K, Pernarelli J, Ozminkowski RJ, Bai M, Gaston SJ, Hommer C, Migliori RJ, Yeh CS. (Source from Health Care Innovation and Information, Ingenix, 5430 Data Court, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. Kevin.Hawkins@Ingenix.com, Qual Life Res. 2011 Jun;20(5):723-32. Epub 2010 Dec 8.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Of the 5,530 eligible respondents, 37.5% reported having UI. The strongest predictors of UI were female gender, advancing age, and obesity. All the QOL estimates were significantly lower for those with UI (P < 0.001). Further, UI had a stronger influence on QOL than did diabetes, cancer, and arthritis, particularly from a mental health standpoint.
5.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Urinary continence
1. According to the study of "Obesity and weight management in the elderly" by Han TS, Tajar A, Lean ME. (Source from Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ashford and St Peter’s NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK., Br Med Bull. 2011;97:169-96. Epub 2011 Feb 16.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that A large number of clinical consequences of overweight and obesity are particularly problematic for elderly individuals, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, arthritis, urinary incontinence and depression. Obesity, and specifically sarcopenic obesity, should also be prevented not only from younger age, but also during major life transitions including retirement, to improve better health outcomes and quality of life in later years, with a focus on those in 'obese families', where the main increases in obesity are located. Randomized controlled trials to determine health benefits and risks from long-term weight management in obese elderly are necessary.
2. In an abstract of the study of `[Sub-urethral sling in the treatment of female urinary incontinence: which? how?]` [Article in French] by Debodinance P, Hermieu JF. (Source Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, GCS Flandre-Maritime, avenue de la Polyclinique, 59760 Grande-Synthe, France. ph.debodinance@wanadoo.fr, Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2010 Oct;38(10):607-19. Epub 2010 Sep 28.), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Without adequate clinical trials proving their efficacy and safety, the mini-bands can so far be recommended to treat female stress urinary incontinence. Moderate overweight does not affect the results of laying tape. In patients with severe obesity, surgery to correct obesity is even better than surgery for incontinence. Age is not a contra-indication. If the patient is young and nulliparous,...
3. In a study of `Effect of weight loss on urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women: results at 12 and 18 months`by Wing RR, West DS, Grady D, Creasman JM, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW, Subak LL; Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise Group. (Source from The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. .rwing@lifespan.org, 2010 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved), posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Weight loss intervention reduced the frequency of stress incontinence episodes through 12 months and improved patient satisfaction with changes in incontinence through 18 months. Improving weight loss maintenance may provide longer term benefits for urinary incontinence.
4. According to the study of `Improving urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women through modest weight loss`by Wing RR, Creasman JM, West DS, Richter HE, Myers D, Burgio KL, Franklin F, Gorin AA, Vittinghoff E, Macer J, Kusek JW, Subak LL; Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise. ( Source from Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Weight losses between 5% and 10% of body weight were sufficient for significant urinary incontinence benefits. Thus, weight loss should be considered as initial treatment for incontinence in overweight and obese women.
5. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Obesity and Pulmonary Hypertension
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Pulmonary Hypertension is defined as a condition of abnormally high blood pressure in the lungs' arteries as a result of the small arteries have become narrowed of which no longer carry enough blood to the heart.
D. How obesity associates with Pulmonary Hypertension
1. In a study of "Role of obesity in cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension" by Dela Cruz CS, Matthay RA. (Source fromSection of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers imdicated in abstract that The authors also briefly explore whether obesity plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. Better recognition and understanding of both obesity cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension are needed in the obese patient population.
2. According to the srudy of "Respiratory health in overweight and obese Chinese children" by He QQ, Wong TW, Du L, Jiang ZQ, Qiu H, Gao Y, Liu JW, Wu JG, Yu IT. (Source from Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, PR China), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Our findings demonstrate that overweight and obesity are high risks for children's respiratory symptoms and diseases. Pulmonary function was not adversely affected by obesity in schoolchildren.
3. In an abstract of a study of "The effect of obesity on pulmonary lung function of school aged children in Greece" by Spathopoulos D, Paraskakis E, Trypsianis G, Tsalkidis A, Arvanitidou V, Emporiadou M, Bouros D, Chatzimichael A. (Source from Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece), posted in PubMed, researchers found that High BMI remained a strong independent risk factor for asthma (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.22-3.87, P = 0.009) and for atopy (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.32-3.22, P = 0.002). The effect of increased BMI on asthma was significant in girls, but not in boys (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.09-6.85, P = 0.032; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 0.83-3.73, P = 0.137, respectively). In conclusion we have shown that high BMI remains an important determinant of reduced spirometric parameters, a risk factor for atopy in both genders and for asthma in girls.
4. 4. According to the abstact of "Comparison of body habitus in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension enrolled in the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management with normative values from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" by Burger CD, Foreman AJ, Miller DP, Safford RE, McGoon MD, Badesch DB. (Source fromDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. burger.charles@mayo.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Mean BMI of the REVEAL patients was the same as that of the NHANES normal comparison group; however, there were higher percentages of obese and underweight patients in REVEAL. This discrepancy can be explained by the balancing effect of more overweight and underweight patients in different PAH subgroups. The reason for the increased frequency of obesity in idiopathic PAH is unknown, and additional study is needed.
5. In a study of "Prospective study of BMI and the risk of pulmonary embolism in women" by Kabrhel C, Varraso R, Goldhaber SZ, Rimm EB, Camargo CA. (Source from Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. ckabrhel@partners.org), posted in PubMed, researchers found that . There was a strong positive association between BMI, the risk of idiopathic PE (relative risk (RR) = 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.10) per 1 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, P < 0.001) and nonidiopathic PE (RR = 1.08 (95% CI, 1.07-1.10), P < 0.001). The association was linear, and apparent even with modest increases in BMI (22.5-25 kg/m(2)). The risk increased nearly sixfold among subjects with BMI >or=35 kg/m(2), and was present in multiple subgroups. Increasing BMI has a strong, linear association with the development of PE in women. Clinicians should consider BMI when assessing the risk of PE in their patients.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Pulmonary Hypertension
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Lorcaserin for the treatment of obesity" by Redman LM, Ravussin E. (Source from Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA. leanne.redman@pbrc.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Preclinical and clinical studies indicate lorcaserin is well tolerated and not associated with cardiac valvulopathy or pulmonary hypertension suggesting that lorcaserin is a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist and has little or no activation of the 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2A) receptors, respectively. Lorcaserin acts to alter energy balance through a reduction in energy intake and without an increase in energy expenditure and achieved the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for weight loss efficacy. It remains to be determined whether or not lorcaserin will be approved for the long-term management of obesity.
2. In an abstract of the study of "Pulmonary considerations in obesity and the bariatric surgical patient" by Davis G, Patel JA, Gagne DJ. (Source from Houston Surgical Consultants, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 738, Houston, TX 77030, USA. gpdtx@yahoo.com), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Bariatric surgery has been shown to be the most effective modality of reliable and durable treatment for severe obesity. Surgical weight loss improves and, in most cases, completely resolves the pulmonary health problems associated with obesity.
3. According to the study of "Obesity duration is associated to pulmonary function impairment in obese subjects" by Santamaria F, Montella S, Greco L, Valerio G, Franzese A, Maniscalco M, Fiorentino G, Peroni D, Pietrobelli A, De Stefano S, Sperlì F, Boner AL. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. santamar@unina.it), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Duration of obesity was significantly related to all PFTs (P ≤ 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis where duration and severity of obesity, hypertension, atopy, asthma, and family history of atopic diseases were independent variables, duration of obesity was a predictor of lower PFTs (P < 0.01). Of the remaining variables, only hypertension contributed to lower lung volumes. In obese individuals, lung function was significantly lower in subjects with greater years of obesity. Fat loss programs should be encouraged to prevent late pulmonary function impairment.
4. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Pulmonary Hypertension is defined as a condition of abnormally high blood pressure in the lungs' arteries as a result of the small arteries have become narrowed of which no longer carry enough blood to the heart.
D. How obesity associates with Pulmonary Hypertension
1. In a study of "Role of obesity in cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension" by Dela Cruz CS, Matthay RA. (Source fromSection of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers imdicated in abstract that The authors also briefly explore whether obesity plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. Better recognition and understanding of both obesity cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension are needed in the obese patient population.
2. According to the srudy of "Respiratory health in overweight and obese Chinese children" by He QQ, Wong TW, Du L, Jiang ZQ, Qiu H, Gao Y, Liu JW, Wu JG, Yu IT. (Source from Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, PR China), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Our findings demonstrate that overweight and obesity are high risks for children's respiratory symptoms and diseases. Pulmonary function was not adversely affected by obesity in schoolchildren.
3. In an abstract of a study of "The effect of obesity on pulmonary lung function of school aged children in Greece" by Spathopoulos D, Paraskakis E, Trypsianis G, Tsalkidis A, Arvanitidou V, Emporiadou M, Bouros D, Chatzimichael A. (Source from Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece), posted in PubMed, researchers found that High BMI remained a strong independent risk factor for asthma (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.22-3.87, P = 0.009) and for atopy (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.32-3.22, P = 0.002). The effect of increased BMI on asthma was significant in girls, but not in boys (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.09-6.85, P = 0.032; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 0.83-3.73, P = 0.137, respectively). In conclusion we have shown that high BMI remains an important determinant of reduced spirometric parameters, a risk factor for atopy in both genders and for asthma in girls.
4. 4. According to the abstact of "Comparison of body habitus in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension enrolled in the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management with normative values from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" by Burger CD, Foreman AJ, Miller DP, Safford RE, McGoon MD, Badesch DB. (Source fromDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. burger.charles@mayo.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Mean BMI of the REVEAL patients was the same as that of the NHANES normal comparison group; however, there were higher percentages of obese and underweight patients in REVEAL. This discrepancy can be explained by the balancing effect of more overweight and underweight patients in different PAH subgroups. The reason for the increased frequency of obesity in idiopathic PAH is unknown, and additional study is needed.
5. In a study of "Prospective study of BMI and the risk of pulmonary embolism in women" by Kabrhel C, Varraso R, Goldhaber SZ, Rimm EB, Camargo CA. (Source from Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. ckabrhel@partners.org), posted in PubMed, researchers found that . There was a strong positive association between BMI, the risk of idiopathic PE (relative risk (RR) = 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.10) per 1 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, P < 0.001) and nonidiopathic PE (RR = 1.08 (95% CI, 1.07-1.10), P < 0.001). The association was linear, and apparent even with modest increases in BMI (22.5-25 kg/m(2)). The risk increased nearly sixfold among subjects with BMI >or=35 kg/m(2), and was present in multiple subgroups. Increasing BMI has a strong, linear association with the development of PE in women. Clinicians should consider BMI when assessing the risk of PE in their patients.
6. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Pulmonary Hypertension
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Lorcaserin for the treatment of obesity" by Redman LM, Ravussin E. (Source from Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA. leanne.redman@pbrc.edu), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Preclinical and clinical studies indicate lorcaserin is well tolerated and not associated with cardiac valvulopathy or pulmonary hypertension suggesting that lorcaserin is a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist and has little or no activation of the 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2A) receptors, respectively. Lorcaserin acts to alter energy balance through a reduction in energy intake and without an increase in energy expenditure and achieved the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for weight loss efficacy. It remains to be determined whether or not lorcaserin will be approved for the long-term management of obesity.
2. In an abstract of the study of "Pulmonary considerations in obesity and the bariatric surgical patient" by Davis G, Patel JA, Gagne DJ. (Source from Houston Surgical Consultants, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 738, Houston, TX 77030, USA. gpdtx@yahoo.com), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Bariatric surgery has been shown to be the most effective modality of reliable and durable treatment for severe obesity. Surgical weight loss improves and, in most cases, completely resolves the pulmonary health problems associated with obesity.
3. According to the study of "Obesity duration is associated to pulmonary function impairment in obese subjects" by Santamaria F, Montella S, Greco L, Valerio G, Franzese A, Maniscalco M, Fiorentino G, Peroni D, Pietrobelli A, De Stefano S, Sperlì F, Boner AL. (Source from Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. santamar@unina.it), posted in PubMed, researchers found that Duration of obesity was significantly related to all PFTs (P ≤ 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis where duration and severity of obesity, hypertension, atopy, asthma, and family history of atopic diseases were independent variables, duration of obesity was a predictor of lower PFTs (P < 0.01). Of the remaining variables, only hypertension contributed to lower lung volumes. In obese individuals, lung function was significantly lower in subjects with greater years of obesity. Fat loss programs should be encouraged to prevent late pulmonary function impairment.
4. Etc.
7 Steps to Reverse Diabetes
The Most Proven And Popular Step-By-Step System
For Curing Type 1 (1st Medically Documented Case) and Type 2 Diabetes
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Obesity and Sleep Disorder
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Sleep disorder (somnipathy) is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns. It’s important to understand why sleep disorder can deteriorate your health and interfere with normal physical, mental and emotional functioning as it effects your nervous system in the production of the natural hormone melatonin which is necessary for sleep and wakefulness. Polysomnography testing can help to evaluate and detect the patterns of sleep disorder.
D. How Obesity associates with Sleep Disorder
1. In the study of "Sleep apnea: a proinflammatory disorder that coaggregates with obesity" by Mehra R, Redline S., posted in PubMed, researchers found that this article elucidates mechanistic associations among obesity, sleep apnea, and systemic inflammation; highlights interrelationships between these factors with cardiopulmonary disease; and identifies specific areas for future research directions.
2. According to the abstract of the study of "Postoperative considerations for patients with obesity and sleep apnea" by Bell RL, Rosenbaum SH., posted in PubMed, researchers stated that p apnea and obesity are prevalent and often coexisting conditions that challenge medical, anesthetic, and surgical treatment. It is essential to possess knowledge of the magnitude of the sleep disorder as well as concomitant medical comorbidities. Management of obese patients requires a thorough preoperative evaluation and appraisal of anesthetic and operative risks. Postoperatively, these patients can present an additional challenge.
3. In a study of "Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient: implications for airway management" by Benumof JL., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient may be due, in part, to an increased amount of pharyngeal tissue. Therefore, there is an increased risk of intubation and extubation difficulties and pain management can be expected to be complicated by opioid/sedative-induced pharyngeal collapse.
4. In the abstract of the study of "The relationship between obesity and craniofacial structure in obstructive sleep apnea" by Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA, Ryan CF, Fleetham JA., posted in PubMed, researchers that there is a spectrum of upper airway soft-tissue and craniofacial abnormalities among OSA patients: obese patients with increased upper airway soft-tissue structures, nonobese patients with abnormal craniofacial structure, and an intermediate group of patients with abnormalities in both craniofacial structure and upper airway soft-tissue structures.
5. According to the study of "Cephalometric abnormalities in non-obese and obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea" by Sakakibara H, Tong M, Matsushita K, Hirata M, Konishi Y, Suetsugu S., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Japanese obstructive sleep apnoea patients have a series of cephalometric abnormalities similar to those described in Caucasian patients, and that the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese patients may be different from that in non-obese patients. In obese patients, upper airway soft tissue enlargement may play a more important role in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas in non-obese patients, bony structure discrepancies may be the dominant contributing factors for obstructive sleep apnoea.
6. In a study of "Dentofacial characteristics as indicator of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome in patients with severe obesity" by Maciel Santos ME, Laureano Filho JR, Campos JM, Ferraz EM., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the most prevalent modified Mallampati index score was between 3 and 4, while grade 1 was the most prevalent tonsillar hypertrophy index score (46%). Cephalometry revealed angular and linear measurements with normally acceptable values for the hard tissues. Obese patients seem to have a normal craniofacial structure and the risk of developing OSAHS is especially related to obesity.
7. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Sleep Disorder
1. According to the study of "Quantification of sleep behavior and of its impact on the cross-talk between the brain and peripheral metabolism" by Hanlon EC, Van Cauter E., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that... Simultaneously, average sleep times have progressively decreased. Recently, evidence from both laboratory and epidemiologic studies has suggested that insufficient sleep may stimulate overeating and thus play a role in the current epidemic of obesity and diabetes,.... The findings provide evidence that sleep restriction does indeed impair glucose metabolism and alters the cross-talk between the periphery and the brain, favoring excessive food intake. A better understanding of the adverse effects of sleep restriction on the CNS control of hunger and appetite may have important implications for public health.
2. In a study of "Sleep apnea and obesity" by Yu JC, Berger P 3rd., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Perhaps, the strongest observational evidence to support a link between sleep apnea and obesity is the similarity in age distribution of symptomatic sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome. The putative causal links between sleep apnea and each individual component of the metabolic syndrome have been extensively evaluated and have implicated bidirectional causality in certain metabolic conditions, such as obesity and sleep apnea, sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus, and obesity and diabetes mellitus. These studies collectively suggest that even modest weight loss improves OSA, and positively affects both metabolic and cardiovascular risk profiles.
3. in the abstract of the study of "Pharmacological treatment of obstructive sleep apnea", by Abad VC, Guilleminault C., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a growing public health hazard fueled by the obesity epidemic and an aging population. Untreated sleep apnea can result in significant consequences both in the short-term and long-term. We need to educate the public to recognize the symptoms of sleep apnea and to publicize that effective treatments are available. Positive airway pressure therapy remains the gold standard currently in treating OSA. Alternative treatments include an oral appliance or surgical options. This paper discusses the pharmacologic treatment of sleep apnea: goals include medications to address the ventilatory control of breathing, treat co-morbid diseases, treat associated health problems/complaints, address special issues, such as anesthetic precautions, and propose future targets.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Sleep disorder (somnipathy) is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns. It’s important to understand why sleep disorder can deteriorate your health and interfere with normal physical, mental and emotional functioning as it effects your nervous system in the production of the natural hormone melatonin which is necessary for sleep and wakefulness. Polysomnography testing can help to evaluate and detect the patterns of sleep disorder.
D. How Obesity associates with Sleep Disorder
1. In the study of "Sleep apnea: a proinflammatory disorder that coaggregates with obesity" by Mehra R, Redline S., posted in PubMed, researchers found that this article elucidates mechanistic associations among obesity, sleep apnea, and systemic inflammation; highlights interrelationships between these factors with cardiopulmonary disease; and identifies specific areas for future research directions.
2. According to the abstract of the study of "Postoperative considerations for patients with obesity and sleep apnea" by Bell RL, Rosenbaum SH., posted in PubMed, researchers stated that p apnea and obesity are prevalent and often coexisting conditions that challenge medical, anesthetic, and surgical treatment. It is essential to possess knowledge of the magnitude of the sleep disorder as well as concomitant medical comorbidities. Management of obese patients requires a thorough preoperative evaluation and appraisal of anesthetic and operative risks. Postoperatively, these patients can present an additional challenge.
3. In a study of "Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient: implications for airway management" by Benumof JL., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient may be due, in part, to an increased amount of pharyngeal tissue. Therefore, there is an increased risk of intubation and extubation difficulties and pain management can be expected to be complicated by opioid/sedative-induced pharyngeal collapse.
4. In the abstract of the study of "The relationship between obesity and craniofacial structure in obstructive sleep apnea" by Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA, Ryan CF, Fleetham JA., posted in PubMed, researchers that there is a spectrum of upper airway soft-tissue and craniofacial abnormalities among OSA patients: obese patients with increased upper airway soft-tissue structures, nonobese patients with abnormal craniofacial structure, and an intermediate group of patients with abnormalities in both craniofacial structure and upper airway soft-tissue structures.
5. According to the study of "Cephalometric abnormalities in non-obese and obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea" by Sakakibara H, Tong M, Matsushita K, Hirata M, Konishi Y, Suetsugu S., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Japanese obstructive sleep apnoea patients have a series of cephalometric abnormalities similar to those described in Caucasian patients, and that the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese patients may be different from that in non-obese patients. In obese patients, upper airway soft tissue enlargement may play a more important role in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas in non-obese patients, bony structure discrepancies may be the dominant contributing factors for obstructive sleep apnoea.
6. In a study of "Dentofacial characteristics as indicator of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome in patients with severe obesity" by Maciel Santos ME, Laureano Filho JR, Campos JM, Ferraz EM., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the most prevalent modified Mallampati index score was between 3 and 4, while grade 1 was the most prevalent tonsillar hypertrophy index score (46%). Cephalometry revealed angular and linear measurements with normally acceptable values for the hard tissues. Obese patients seem to have a normal craniofacial structure and the risk of developing OSAHS is especially related to obesity.
7. Etc.
E. Treatments of Obesity and Sleep Disorder
1. According to the study of "Quantification of sleep behavior and of its impact on the cross-talk between the brain and peripheral metabolism" by Hanlon EC, Van Cauter E., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that... Simultaneously, average sleep times have progressively decreased. Recently, evidence from both laboratory and epidemiologic studies has suggested that insufficient sleep may stimulate overeating and thus play a role in the current epidemic of obesity and diabetes,.... The findings provide evidence that sleep restriction does indeed impair glucose metabolism and alters the cross-talk between the periphery and the brain, favoring excessive food intake. A better understanding of the adverse effects of sleep restriction on the CNS control of hunger and appetite may have important implications for public health.
2. In a study of "Sleep apnea and obesity" by Yu JC, Berger P 3rd., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Perhaps, the strongest observational evidence to support a link between sleep apnea and obesity is the similarity in age distribution of symptomatic sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome. The putative causal links between sleep apnea and each individual component of the metabolic syndrome have been extensively evaluated and have implicated bidirectional causality in certain metabolic conditions, such as obesity and sleep apnea, sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus, and obesity and diabetes mellitus. These studies collectively suggest that even modest weight loss improves OSA, and positively affects both metabolic and cardiovascular risk profiles.
3. in the abstract of the study of "Pharmacological treatment of obstructive sleep apnea", by Abad VC, Guilleminault C., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a growing public health hazard fueled by the obesity epidemic and an aging population. Untreated sleep apnea can result in significant consequences both in the short-term and long-term. We need to educate the public to recognize the symptoms of sleep apnea and to publicize that effective treatments are available. Positive airway pressure therapy remains the gold standard currently in treating OSA. Alternative treatments include an oral appliance or surgical options. This paper discusses the pharmacologic treatment of sleep apnea: goals include medications to address the ventilatory control of breathing, treat co-morbid diseases, treat associated health problems/complaints, address special issues, such as anesthetic precautions, and propose future targets.
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com
Obesity and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as a condition of low blood oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the body of severe obese people who can not breath rapidly and deeply.
D. How Obesity associates with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
1. In a study of "[Obesity and Sleep-related Breathing Disorders]" Luo JM, Xiao Y., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obesity, with an increasing prevalence,has become one of the most common metabolic diseases. Obesity is associated with many respiratory diseases, especially sleep-related breathing disorders including obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and overlap syndrome. This article reviews the association between obesity and these sleep-related breathing disorders.
2. According to a study of "The pickwickian syndrome-obesity hypoventilation syndrome" by Littleton SW, Mokhlesi B., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), also historically described as the Pickwickian syndrome, consists of the triad of obesity, sleep disordered breathing, and chronic hypercapnia during wakefulness in the absence of other known causes of hypercapnia. Its exact prevalence is unknown, but it has been estimated that 10% to 20% of obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea have hypercapnia
3. In the abstract of the study of "Respiratory complications of obesity" [Article in English, Spanish] by Rabec C, de Lucas Ramos P, Veale D., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity, well known as a cardiovascular risk factor, can also lead to significant respiratory complications. The respiratory changes associated with obesity extend from a simple change in respiratory function, with no effect on gas exchange, to the more serious condition of hypercapnic respiratory failure, characteristic of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. More recently, it has been reported that there is an increased prevalence of asthma which is probably multifactorial in origin, but in which inflammation may play an important role.
4. In a study of "Influence of body mass index on treatment of breathing-related sleep disorders" by Dzieciolowska-Baran E, Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Poziomkotska-Gesicka I, Teul-Swiniarska I, Sroczynski T., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the analysis demonstrated a significant influence of body mass on snoring, particularly in complicated and severe types of breathing disorders, such obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea, and the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Corrective interventions carried out to eliminate anatomical abnormalities causing obstruction of upper airways provided the best therapeutic effects in patients with normal body mass.
5. According to the study of "Sleep-related breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in obese subjects" by Resta O, Foschino-Barbaro MP, Legari G, Talamo S, Bonfitto P, Palumbo A, Minenna A, Giorgino R, De Pergola G., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that OSA is present in more than 50% of a population of obese patients with a mean BMI higher than 40.0, this percentage being much higher than that commonly reported in previous studies, particularly in women. Neck circumference in men and BMI in women seem to be the strongest predictors of the severity of OSA in obese patients. Nocturnal hypoventilation seems to be present in more than 29% of a severe obese population. Moreover, this study indicates that morbid obesity can be associated with excessive daytime sleepiness even in the absence of sleep apnea.
6. Etc.
E. treatments of Obesity and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
1. According to the study of "Noninvasive Ventilation in Mild obesity hypoventilation syndrome: A randomized controlled trial" by Borel JC, Tamisier R, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Baguet JP, Monneret D, Arnol N, Roux-Lombard P, Wuyam B, Levy P, Pepin JL, posted in PubMed, researchers found that NIV group patients (n=18) were older (58±11 versus 54±6 years) with a higher baseline PaCO(2) (47.9±4.2 versus 45.2±3 mmHg). In intention to treat analysis, compared to control group, NIV significantly reduced daytime PaCO(2) (difference between treatments: -3.5 mmHg; 95%CI:-6.2 to -0.8) and apnea-hypopnea-index (-40.3/h 95%CI:-62.4 to -18.2). Sleep architecture was restored although non-respiratory micro-arousals increased (+9.4/hour of sleep; 95%CI: 1.9 to 16.9) and daytime sleepiness was not completely normalized. Despite a dramatic improvement in sleep hypoxemia, glucidic and lipidic metabolism parameters as well as cytokines profiles did not vary significantly. Accordingly, neither RH-PAT (+0.02; 95%CI: -0.24 to 0.29) nor arterial stiffness (+0.22m.s(-1); 95%CI: -1.47 to 1.92) improved.
2. According to the study of "Obesity hypoventilation syndrome" by Al Dabal L, Bahammam AS., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Despite its major impact on health, this disorder is under-recognized and under-diagnosed. Available management options include aggressive weight reduction, oxygen therapy and using positive airway pressure techniques. In this review, we will go over the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation and diagnosis and management of OHS.
3. In the abstract of the study of "Diagnosis and management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome in the ICU" by Lee WY, Mokhlesi B., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Because of the global obesity epidemic and the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population, critical care physicians are likely to encounter patients who have acute-on-chronic respiratory failure attributable to OHS in their clinical practice. In this article we define the clinical characteristics of OHS, review its pathophysiology, and discuss the morbidity and mortality associated with OHS. Finally, we offer treatment strategies during ICU management using noninvasive positive pressure ventilation that may guide the physician in the care of these challenging patients.
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)
C. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as a condition of low blood oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the body of severe obese people who can not breath rapidly and deeply.
D. How Obesity associates with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
1. In a study of "[Obesity and Sleep-related Breathing Disorders]" Luo JM, Xiao Y., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obesity, with an increasing prevalence,has become one of the most common metabolic diseases. Obesity is associated with many respiratory diseases, especially sleep-related breathing disorders including obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and overlap syndrome. This article reviews the association between obesity and these sleep-related breathing disorders.
2. According to a study of "The pickwickian syndrome-obesity hypoventilation syndrome" by Littleton SW, Mokhlesi B., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), also historically described as the Pickwickian syndrome, consists of the triad of obesity, sleep disordered breathing, and chronic hypercapnia during wakefulness in the absence of other known causes of hypercapnia. Its exact prevalence is unknown, but it has been estimated that 10% to 20% of obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea have hypercapnia
3. In the abstract of the study of "Respiratory complications of obesity" [Article in English, Spanish] by Rabec C, de Lucas Ramos P, Veale D., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity, well known as a cardiovascular risk factor, can also lead to significant respiratory complications. The respiratory changes associated with obesity extend from a simple change in respiratory function, with no effect on gas exchange, to the more serious condition of hypercapnic respiratory failure, characteristic of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. More recently, it has been reported that there is an increased prevalence of asthma which is probably multifactorial in origin, but in which inflammation may play an important role.
4. In a study of "Influence of body mass index on treatment of breathing-related sleep disorders" by Dzieciolowska-Baran E, Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Poziomkotska-Gesicka I, Teul-Swiniarska I, Sroczynski T., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the analysis demonstrated a significant influence of body mass on snoring, particularly in complicated and severe types of breathing disorders, such obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea, and the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Corrective interventions carried out to eliminate anatomical abnormalities causing obstruction of upper airways provided the best therapeutic effects in patients with normal body mass.
5. According to the study of "Sleep-related breathing disorders, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness in obese subjects" by Resta O, Foschino-Barbaro MP, Legari G, Talamo S, Bonfitto P, Palumbo A, Minenna A, Giorgino R, De Pergola G., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that OSA is present in more than 50% of a population of obese patients with a mean BMI higher than 40.0, this percentage being much higher than that commonly reported in previous studies, particularly in women. Neck circumference in men and BMI in women seem to be the strongest predictors of the severity of OSA in obese patients. Nocturnal hypoventilation seems to be present in more than 29% of a severe obese population. Moreover, this study indicates that morbid obesity can be associated with excessive daytime sleepiness even in the absence of sleep apnea.
6. Etc.
E. treatments of Obesity and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
1. According to the study of "Noninvasive Ventilation in Mild obesity hypoventilation syndrome: A randomized controlled trial" by Borel JC, Tamisier R, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Baguet JP, Monneret D, Arnol N, Roux-Lombard P, Wuyam B, Levy P, Pepin JL, posted in PubMed, researchers found that NIV group patients (n=18) were older (58±11 versus 54±6 years) with a higher baseline PaCO(2) (47.9±4.2 versus 45.2±3 mmHg). In intention to treat analysis, compared to control group, NIV significantly reduced daytime PaCO(2) (difference between treatments: -3.5 mmHg; 95%CI:-6.2 to -0.8) and apnea-hypopnea-index (-40.3/h 95%CI:-62.4 to -18.2). Sleep architecture was restored although non-respiratory micro-arousals increased (+9.4/hour of sleep; 95%CI: 1.9 to 16.9) and daytime sleepiness was not completely normalized. Despite a dramatic improvement in sleep hypoxemia, glucidic and lipidic metabolism parameters as well as cytokines profiles did not vary significantly. Accordingly, neither RH-PAT (+0.02; 95%CI: -0.24 to 0.29) nor arterial stiffness (+0.22m.s(-1); 95%CI: -1.47 to 1.92) improved.
2. According to the study of "Obesity hypoventilation syndrome" by Al Dabal L, Bahammam AS., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Despite its major impact on health, this disorder is under-recognized and under-diagnosed. Available management options include aggressive weight reduction, oxygen therapy and using positive airway pressure techniques. In this review, we will go over the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation and diagnosis and management of OHS.
3. In the abstract of the study of "Diagnosis and management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome in the ICU" by Lee WY, Mokhlesi B., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Because of the global obesity epidemic and the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population, critical care physicians are likely to encounter patients who have acute-on-chronic respiratory failure attributable to OHS in their clinical practice. In this article we define the clinical characteristics of OHS, review its pathophysiology, and discuss the morbidity and mortality associated with OHS. Finally, we offer treatment strategies during ICU management using noninvasive positive pressure ventilation that may guide the physician in the care of these challenging patients.
Chinese Secrets to Fatty Liver and Obesity Reversal
A groundbreaking e book about why almost
nobody in China suffers from fatty liver or obesity
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)