Allergies- Cockroach Allergy

C. Cockroach allergy is defined as symptoms of skin rash, asthma of as a result of cockroach crawled over skin of a person whose immune system is sensitive to certain proteins found in cockroach saliva and feces. Cockroach allergy is first reported in 1943. According to the study of "Cockroaches Important Cause of Asthma Morbidity Among Inner-City Children" by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) posted in NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, new release, the researchers found that children who were both allergic to cockroaches and exposed to high cockroach allergen levels were hospitalized for their asthma 3.3 times more often than children who were allergic but not exposed to high levels of cockroach allergen, or children who were exposed to high levels of cockroach allergen but who were not allergic.

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C. 1. How to determine the severity of the allergic effects
Depending to the allergy stimulating effect, some researchers suggested to scale the severity from 1 to 4 and followed by degeneration scale, but from -1 to -4
C.1.1. The severity scale from +1 to +4
+1. The first level of stimulation
If there is no symptoms at all or If the patient is alert and function morally after allergic is eaten
+2. The second level of stimulation
The patient have become irritable, hyperactive, tense, thirsty, etc. after a suspected allergic foods is eaten
+3. The third level of stimulation
The patient have become hypomanic, aggressive, apprehensive, etc.
+4. The fourth level of stimulation
The patient have become mania, agitation, over excitement, etc.

C.1.2. Degeneration scale from -1 to -4
-1. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of runny nose, hive, diarrhea, etc.
-2. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of tiredness, fatigue, swelling etc.
-3. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of depression, mental disturbance, confusion, mood change, etc.
-4. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of sever depression, paranoia, etc.

C.2. Symptoms
Depending to the effect area after exposing to tiny particles from cockroach, in most case, it affects the skin and respiratory system
1. Skin reaction
As a result of the allergic food cause of over production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) of which affect the skin area, leading to rash, itching, inflammation, etc.
2. Respiratory reaction
If the immune system's over production if antibody affects the lung, it can cause breathing difficulty, wheezing, asthma, etc.
According to the study of "Asthma severity, atopic status, allergen exposure, and quality of life in elderly persons" by K. Huss, DNSc; P. L. Naumann, MSN; P. J. Mason, MSN; J. P. Nanda, MPH†; R. W. Huss, MD; C. M. Smith, BS; and R. G. Hamilton, PhD, researchers found that We found that asthma in the elderly isnot rare. We had no difficulty identifying and enrolling 80 elderly subjects with asthma. It is often of a moderate to severe persistent severity, accompanied by positive allergy skin tests and high allergen levels in homes. Our findings support doing allergy skin tests on elderly subjects with asthma, especially with moderate to severe persistent severity, to identify allergens in the environment precipitating asthma attacks. This would be combined with interventions to reduce allergens in the home and with the use of medications that combat inflammation in the airways. The overall expectation is that asthma severity should decrease with a resultant increase in the QOL among the elderly with asthma.
3. Digestive system
If the allergy affects the digestive system, it can cause diarrhea, abnormal cramps and pain, itching tongue, vomiting, indigestion, etc.
4. Cardiovascular system
It can cause abnormal beating, pallor, etc.
5. Adrenal system
It can lead to fatigue, low energy, tiredness, etc.
6. Central nervous system
Certain allergic food can affect the central nervous system as it can pass through the blood and enter the brain of which interferes with the function, leading impaired thinking, depression, anxiety, inability of concentration, etc.
7. Etc.

C.3. Causes
Cockroach Allergy is caused by over production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) from the immune system against harmless cockroach allergen, after exposing.

C.4. Diagnosis
If you are experience certain allergy and you doctor suspect that it may be caused by exposing to the cockroach allergen, a skin test may only be necessary to find out, after recording the family history and a complete physical exam.
Types of skin test
a. Intradermal test
By injecting small amounts of diluted cockroach allergen into the top layers of the skin to see how the immune system react to it.
b. Skin prick testing
Similar to the Intradermal test, but the diagnosis involves in applying a drop of allergen into to punctures made on the skin.


C.5. Prevention
The only to get rid of the allergic effect is to get rid of the cockroach. It is easily said than done. Statistic showed that studies show that 78 percent to 98 percent of urban homes have cockroaches. Each home has from 900 to 330,000 of the insects. Most homes in north America, especially in Canada are well insulated that make them as a best place to harbor them. Please sure to read and follow the direction carefully or seek professionals for help.
1. Cockroach bait
The gel is a type of slowing poison mixed with some cockroach attractive food, if one cockroach eat it, and brings it back to the nest, it can kill the entire colony.
2. There are many other method such as helped to get rid off cockroach, but if you have small children and kids or you have no other place for temporary living, the above is one of better method.
a. Use cockroach traps
Slow and steady
b. Professional liquid concentrate
But be careful if you have children and pet
c. Exterior bug spray
To kill cockroach if you see them.
d. Etc.

C.6. Treatments
Beside getting rid off cockroach at the present, please make sure that your home is clean and tidy
to make sure that they will not be coming back.
C.6.1. Conventional medicine
1. There is no specific treatment for cockroach allergy, but depending to the symptoms. Medication includes bronchodilators, anti-allergics, antihistamines, NSAIDs, etc.
2. Allergic shot
Allergy shot, also known as immunotherapy, contains extracts from the most common substance which people are allergic to, including pollen, insects, pets, cockroach, etc., by providing long-term relief from certain symptoms. In some people, after series of allergic shot, the disease is cured.
C.6.2. Diet
In order protect your self from any types of allergies, healthy eating to enhance the immune system and provide you with optimal healthy always is the best way to achieve it. According to the article of "For Allergy and Asthma Sufferers, A Change in Diet Can Be a Key to Comfort", posted in American medical network, the author indicated that Whether you suffer from allergies or asthma, says Dr. Pescatore, the cure is the same: You must reduce inflammation in your body. So, for example, if you have yeast or mold allergies, consider a low-yeast diet. Refined sugars, flours, and processed food all trigger inflammation, so steer clear of them,” Dr. Pescatore says. “Additionally, avoiding specific foods that cross-react with environmental allergens can reduce your overall ‘allergy burden,’ which can allow your body to better handle your inhaled allergens.” Tree allergy season, he notes, peaks in April and extends in June, so during this period it is best to avoid celery, carrots, apples, potatoes, peaches, nuts, and spices belonging to the apiaceae family, i.e. anise, caraway, coriander, cumin, fennel, parsley and parsnip.

C.6.2. Nutritioonal supplements
1. Antioxidants
Since Allergies are caused by immune over reaction of certain harmless substance, enhancing immue system is one of the best way to prevent and treat them as some researchers suggested that allergies may be caused by weakened immune system over aggression. Vitamin A, E, C are antioxidants and free radical scavengers, they protect the immune system from free radicals attack and help to reduce levels of histamine in the blood. For more information of antioxidants and health effects

2. Vitamin D
According to the article " Vitamin D deficiency may be a factor in development of allergies posted in Washing Post, Monday, March, 7, 2011, " Allergies and Vitamin D, Youths low in 'sunshine vitamin' may be more prone to allergies",the author wrote that analyzed data on 6,590 people, roughly half of them 21 years of age and younger and half older. The group was deemed representative of the U.S. population. Vitamin D levels were determined by blood tests, as was sensitivity to 17 common allergens. Among the youths, food and environmental allergies were greater in those with lower levels of Vitamin D. Young people deficient in Vitamin D were about twice as likely as those with higher levels of the nutrient to have peanut or ragweed allergies and nearly five times as likely to be allergic to oak.

3. B-complex
in a study of "Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in elderly adults." by Meydani SN, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Russell RM, Sahyoun N, Morrow FD, Gershoff SN., USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs in vitro indices of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly adults. This impairment is reversible by vitamin B-6 repletion.

4. N-accetyl-cysteine (NAC)
It is an antioxidant and an amino acid precursor to glutathione which helps to strengthen immune system against cold, flu and allergy and enhances the respiratory system functioning.

5. Coenzyme Q10
It is an immune and nervous system enhancer, according to the article of "CoQ10 Helps the Immune System and Brain Function" by A.S. Gissen, posted in Immunesupport.com, the author wrote that In 1970, it was first reported that CoQ6 and CoQ10, when administered to rats, significantly enhanced immune cells' ability to kill bacteria, as well as elevated their antibody response.

6. Alpha lipoic acid
Alpha lipoic acid is another antioxidant which promotes the immune system by enhabcing the function of other antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, glutathione, etc. according to the article of "A relatively unknown antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid, may be more potent than vitamins C and E" by Robert Sander, the author wrote that Because both alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are antioxidants, their combined actions give them greater antioxidant potency than any natural antioxidant now known, Packer says. He notes another property of alpha-lipoic acid that makes it a great antioxidant. Since it is soluble in both water and fat, it can move into all parts of the cell to neutralize free radicals. Vitamin C, on the other hand, is limited to the watery parts of cells because it is soluble only in water; while vitamin E is soluble only in fat and sticks to the fatty parts of cells.

8. Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes are absolutely vital to human health, they break down large protein molecules, so essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals can be easily absorbed.
According to the article of "Digestive Enzymes Combat Leaky Gut and Food Allergy" By Dr. CE Gant on 04/14/2011, he wrote that toxin damage causes tiny holes to form in the normally tight barrier between the cells lining the GI Tract (leaky gut), which allows relatively large molecules of food protein to pass through and encounter the immune surveillance (60% + of body’s overall immune system is in and around the GI tract), which then “tricks” the immune system into “believing” the foreign protein from a food is a threat to the body. This sets up an attack mode against perfectly nutritious food protein, which is called a food (and/or “brain”) allergy.

9. Minerals
a. Zinc
It corrects the digestive system cause of allergy as a result of deficient production of stomach acid.
b. Calcium
It beside is considered as essential mineral for healthy bone, calcium is also important to reduce the risk of allergy. According to the study of "Calcium-deficiency rickets in a four-year-old boy with milk allergy." by Davidovits M, Levy Y, Avramovitz T, Eisenstein B.(Nephrology Unit, Children's Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that These findings were thought to be the result of dietary calcium deficiency caused by the prolonged elimination from his diet of cow milk and milk products because of allergy. Adequate intake of calcium resulted in rapid improvement.

c. Potassium
It enhance the adrenal gland function, thus reducing the symptoms of allergy cause of fatigue, weakness, tiredness
d. Magnesium
It is vital to relieve the allergy symptom of asthma and respiratory problems
e. Etc.

C.6.3. Herbs
1. Panax Ginseng
In a study of "Effects of Red Ginseng extract on allergic reactions to food in Balb/c mice." by

Sumiyoshi M, Sakanaka M, Kimura Y. (Division of Functional Histology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers suggested that It may also protect against sensitization to antigens as an immunomodulator by increasing intestinal IgA secretion without affecting antigen-specific IgE levels. In conclusion, Red Ginseng roots may be a natural preventative of food allergies.

2. Garlic
It is best known for treating cold and flu and enhances immune system against alll types of foreign invasion. According to the study of "Immunomodulatory Effects of Aged Garlic Extract"

Eikai Kyo, Naoto Uda, Shigeo Kasuga and Yoichi Itakur, Posted in the "Journal of Nutrition" in March 2001, researchers strongly suggest that AGE (Aged Garlic Extract) could be a promising candidate as an immune modifier, which maintains the homeostasis of immune functions; further studies are warranted to determine when it is most beneficial.

3. Grape seed extract

Grape seed extract is best known for its antioxidant property in delay aging, it also acts as a natural histamine inhibitor, thus reducing the risk of allergic responses.

4. Licorice root

Beside is nest known to lower stomach acid levels, relieve heartburn and indigestion, licorice root is also boost the levels of interferon of immune system to fight off attacking viruses. According to the article of "Licorice, plantain and nettle herbs used in the treatment of Allergies" posted in Bitteroot restorationthe author wrote that This ( Licorice root) can actually help to counteract many of the symptoms that are associated with allergies.: It also contains substances which work to thin the mucus and soothe to respiratory passages, which can reduce irritation that often accompanies allergies and their symptoms.

5. Turmeric
Turmeric paste has been used in traditional herbal medicine as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, it also helps to treat allergy. According to an article "Vitamin D and turmeric for allergies" by Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon posted in Washington Post, May 11-2009, the authors wrote that In animal studies, turmeric prevents the release of histamine from mast cells (Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, September 2008). If it works similarly in humans, this would prevent allergy symptoms from developing.

6. Sting Netttle
Sting Netttle contains antihistaminics which has been used as cream in treating symptoms of allergy. In a study of "Nettle extract (Urtica dioica) affects key receptors and enzymes associated with allergic rhinitis." by Roschek B Jr, Fink RC, McMichael M, Alberte RS.(HerbalScience Group LLC, 1004 Collier Center Way, Suite 200, Naples, FL 34110, USA.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Through the use of DART TOF-MS, which yields exact masses and relative abundances of compounds present in complex mixtures, bioactives have been identified in nettle that contribute to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways related to allergic rhinitis. These results provide for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of the role of nettle extracts in reducing allergic and other inflammatory responses in vitro.

C.6.4.Traditional Chinese medicine
a. Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon formula)
Minor Blue Dragon formula has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat asthma by strengthening immune system due to Lung and Spleen qi deficiency. In North America the formula is still available as some over-the-counter nasal sprays.
b. Ingredients
1. Gui Zhi ( Cinnamon Twig)
Main use: Releases the Exterior, Warms the channels. Tonifies the Yang,....
2. Bai Shao (White Paeony Root)
Main use: Nourishes Blood, Preserves the Yin, Nourishes the Liver, Calms Liver-Yang,....
3. Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger)
Main use: Warms the Middle, escues Yang, Warms the Lungs, Transforms Phlegm,...
4. Gan Cao (Licorice Root)
Main use: Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Moistens the Lungs, Calms cough,...
5. Ban Xia ( Pinellia Tuber)
Main use: Dries Dampness, Transforms Phlegm, Stops vomiting; Resolves masses, Disperses nodules,......
6. Wu Mei (Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit)
Main use: Strengthens the Lungs, Nourishes the Kidneys, Promotes generation of Body Fluids, Stops sweating, Stops diarrhea,

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Allergies - Cigarette Smoke Allergy

Allergy is the over reaction of immune system to harmless substances after entering our body affecting 1 in every 3 people.

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Causes
Allergy is defined as the type I reactions or Immediate Hypersensitivity as a result of
over production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE), a class of allergic antibody by the immune system against harmless substance that lead to mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, resulting in allergic reaction, including mucus secretion, sneezing, itching, etc.
Types of Allergy
B. Cigarette Smoke Allergy
The are some controversy regarded to cigarette smoke cause of allergic reaction. In a study of " Cigarette smoke suppresses in vitro allergic activation of mouse mast cells." by Mortaz E, Folkerts G, Engels F, Nijkamp FP, Redegeld FA. (Division of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.mortaz@uu.nl) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Our study suggests that exposure to cigarette smoke may lead to a reduced allergic activation of mast cells without affecting their response to activation via e.g. bacterial-derived LPS., but cigarette can cause over aggression of immune system, triggering allergic symptoms to certaim peoples such as watery eyes, coughing and sneezing.Some researchers argue that cigarette smoking may elevate symptoms of allergy but not the allergy itself, according to the article of "Smoke Allergies: 4 Reasons Why You Might Hate This Article" by By webdan65 posted in Hubpages, the author indicated that because smoke isn’t a true allergen, it does not create the same immune response (i.e. allergy attack) that a grain of pollen would. Or course there is no denying that smoke can aggravate and irritate underlying allergies, but it really cannot be considered the cause of them.
Regardless to the controversy, Cigarette Smoke does cause (or elevate pre-existed symptoms) some symptoms of allergy.

B. 1. How to determine the severity of the allergic effects
Depending to the allergy stimulating effect, some researchers suggested to scale the severity from 1 to 4 and followed by degeneration scale, but from -1 to -4
B.1.1. The severity scale from +1 to +4
+1. The first level of stimulation
If there is no symptoms at all or If the patient is alert and function morally after exposing to allergens
+2. The second level of stimulation
The patient have become irritable, hyperactive, tense, thirsty, etc. after exposing to allergens
+3. The third level of stimulation
The patient have become hypomanic, aggressive, apprehensive, etc.
+4. The fourth level of stimulation
The patient have become mania, agitation, over excitement, etc.

B.1.2. Degeneration scale from -1 to -4
-1. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of runny nose, hive, diarrhea, etc.
-2. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of tiredness, fatigue, swelling etc.
-3. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of depression, mental disturbance, confusion, mood change, etc.
-4. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of sever depression, paranoia, etc.

B.2. Symptoms
Symptoms of cigarette ( Preexisted symptoms elevated by cigarette smoke)
1. Respiratory reaction, including system of asthma, coughing, Nasal congestion and increased mucus production, burning, watery, or irritated eyes. etc.
2. Central nervous system, including system of breathing difficulty, wheezing, asthma, etc.
3. Adrenal system
It can lead to fatigue, low energy, tiredness, etc.
4. Etc.

B.3. Diagnosis
If you are experience Cigarette Smoke allergy, after recording the family history and a complete physical exam. you doctor may order
1. Skin test
a. Intradermal test
It is one of most common test but time consuming( some patient may return for more 20 time for the injection) in diagnosis of allergy and depending to the symptoms, by injecting small amounts of diluted allergens into the top layers of the skin to see how the immune system react to them.
b. Skin prick testing
Similar to the Intradermal test, but the diagnosis involves in applying a drop of allergen into to punctures made on the skin.

2. Blood test ((RadioAllergoSorbent Test)
This is the test for evaluating of the levels of IgE-mediated food allergies react to a particular allergen. If you RAST score is higher than the predictive value for that food, 95% chance you will have an allergic reaction. Unfortunately, non-IgE mediated allergies cannot be detected by this method.

3. Challenge Tests
Because of the risk of anaphylaxis, most doctors will avoid the test unless it is absolutely necessary and the test is performed only in the hospital. In this test, suspected allergen package into capsule taken by patient and signs or symptoms of an allergic reaction are observed.

4. Etc.

B.4. Preventions
1. Quit smoking
Quit smoking to pretext yourself from cigarette smoking elevating allergiv symptoms to yourself and your family
In a study of "Challenge with environmental tobacco smoke exacerbates allergic airway disease in human beings." by Diaz-Sanchez D, Rumold R, Gong H Jr. (Hart and Louis Laboratory, Division Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ddiazsa@mednet.ucla.edu) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that these studies provide the first experimental evidence that secondhand smoke can exacerbate allergic responses in human beings.

2. Reduce the risk of second hand smoke by staying in non-smoking sections in buildings or outdoor areas.

3. No smoking at home, in the cars, etc.

4. Avoid any enclosed areas where people smoke.

5. Etc.

B.5. Treatments
B.5.1. Conventional medicine
1. There is no specific treatment for cigarette smoking allergy, but depending to the symptoms. Medication includes bronchodilators, anti-allergics, antihistamines, NSAIDs, etc.
2. Allergic shot
Allergy shot, also known as immunotherapy, contains extracts from the most common substance which people are allergic to, including pollen, insects, pets, etc., by providing long-term relief from certain symptoms. In some people, after series of allergic shot, the disease is cured.

B.6.2. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Since Allergies are caused by immune over reaction of certain harmless substance, enhancing immue system is one of the best way to prevent and treat them as some researchers suggested that allergies may be caused by weakened immune system over aggression. Vitamin A, E, C are antioxidants and free radical scavengers, they protect the immune system from free radicals attack and help to reduce levels of histamine in the blood. For more information of antioxidants and health effects

2. Vitamin D
According to the article " Vitamin D deficiency may be a factor in development of allergies posted in Washing Post, Monday, March, 7, 2011, " Allergies and Vitamin D, Youths low in 'sunshine vitamin' may be more prone to allergies",the author wrote that analyzed data on 6,590 people, roughly half of them 21 years of age and younger and half older. The group was deemed representative of the U.S. population. Vitamin D levels were determined by blood tests, as was sensitivity to 17 common allergens. Among the youths, food and environmental allergies were greater in those with lower levels of Vitamin D. Young people deficient in Vitamin D were about twice as likely as those with higher levels of the nutrient to have peanut or ragweed allergies and nearly five times as likely to be allergic to oak.

3. B-complex
in a study of "Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in elderly adults." by Meydani SN, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Russell RM, Sahyoun N, Morrow FD, Gershoff SN., USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs in vitro indices of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly adults. This impairment is reversible by vitamin B-6 repletion.

4. N-accetyl-cysteine (NAC)
It is an antioxidant and an amino acid precursor to glutathione which helps to strengthen immune system against cold, flu and allergy and enhances the respiratory system functioning.

5. Coenzyme Q10
It is an immune and nervous system enhancer, according to the article of "CoQ10 Helps the Immune System and Brain Function" by A.S. Gissen, posted in Immunesupport.com, the author wrote that In 1970, it was first reported that CoQ6 and CoQ10, when administered to rats, significantly enhanced immune cells' ability to kill bacteria, as well as elevated their antibody response.

6. Alpha lipoic acid
Alpha lipoic acid is another antioxidant which promotes the immune system by enhabcing the function of other antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, glutathione, etc. according to the article of "A relatively unknown antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid, may be more potent than vitamins C and E" by Robert Sander, the author wrote that Because both alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are antioxidants, their combined actions give them greater antioxidant potency than any natural antioxidant now known, Packer says. He notes another property of alpha-lipoic acid that makes it a great antioxidant. Since it is soluble in both water and fat, it can move into all parts of the cell to neutralize free radicals. Vitamin C, on the other hand, is limited to the watery parts of cells because it is soluble only in water; while vitamin E is soluble only in fat and sticks to the fatty parts of cells.

8. Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes are absolutely vital to human health, they break down large protein molecules, so essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals can be easily absorbed.
According to the article of "Digestive Enzymes Combat Leaky Gut and Food Allergy" By Dr. CE Gant on 04/14/2011, he wrote that toxin damage causes tiny holes to form in the normally tight barrier between the cells lining the GI Tract (leaky gut), which allows relatively large molecules of food protein to pass through and encounter the immune surveillance (60% + of body’s overall immune system is in and around the GI tract), which then “tricks” the immune system into “believing” the foreign protein from a food is a threat to the body. This sets up an attack mode against perfectly nutritious food protein, which is called a food (and/or “brain”) allergy.

9. Minerals
a. Zinc
It corrects the digestive system cause of allergy as a result of deficient production of stomach acid.
b. Calcium
It beside is considered as essential mineral for healthy bone, calcium is also important to reduce the risk of allergy. According to the study of "Calcium-deficiency rickets in a four-year-old boy with milk allergy." by Davidovits M, Levy Y, Avramovitz T, Eisenstein B.(Nephrology Unit, Children's Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that These findings were thought to be the result of dietary calcium deficiency caused by the prolonged elimination from his diet of cow milk and milk products because of allergy. Adequate intake of calcium resulted in rapid improvement.

c. Potassium
It enhance the adrenal gland function, thus reducing the symptoms of allergy cause of fatigue, weakness, tiredness
d. Magnesium
It is vital to relieve the allergy symptom of asthma and respiratory problems
e. Etc.

10. Etc.

B.6.3. Herbs
1. Panax Ginseng
In a study of "Effects of Red Ginseng extract on allergic reactions to food in Balb/c mice." by

Sumiyoshi M, Sakanaka M, Kimura Y. (Division of Functional Histology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers suggested that It may also protect against sensitization to antigens as an immunomodulator by increasing intestinal IgA secretion without affecting antigen-specific IgE levels. In conclusion, Red Ginseng roots may be a natural preventative of food allergies.

2. Garlic
It is best known for treating cold and flu and enhances immune system against alll types of foreign invasion. According to the study of "Immunomodulatory Effects of Aged Garlic Extract"

Eikai Kyo, Naoto Uda, Shigeo Kasuga and Yoichi Itakur, Posted in the "Journal of Nutrition" in March 2001, researchers strongly suggest that AGE (Aged Garlic Extract) could be a promising candidate as an immune modifier, which maintains the homeostasis of immune functions; further studies are warranted to determine when it is most beneficial.

3. Grape seed extract

Grape seed extract is best known for its antioxidant property in delay aging, it also acts as a natural histamine inhibitor, thus reducing the risk of allergic responses.

4. Licorice root

Beside is nest known to lower stomach acid levels, relieve heartburn and indigestion, licorice root is also boost the levels of interferon of immune system to fight off attacking viruses. According to the article of "Licorice, plantain and nettle herbs used in the treatment of Allergies" posted in Bitteroot restorationthe author wrote that This ( Licorice root) can actually help to counteract many of the symptoms that are associated with allergies.: It also contains substances which work to thin the mucus and soothe to respiratory passages, which can reduce irritation that often accompanies allergies and their symptoms.

5. Turmeric
Turmeric paste has been used in traditional herbal medicine as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, it also helps to treat allergy. According to an article "Vitamin D and turmeric for allergies" by Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon posted in Washington Post, May 11-2009, the authors wrote that In animal studies, turmeric prevents the release of histamine from mast cells (Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, September 2008). If it works similarly in humans, this would prevent allergy symptoms from developing.

6. Sting Netttle
Sting Netttle contains antihistaminics which has been used as cream in treating symptoms of allergy. In a study of "Nettle extract (Urtica dioica) affects key receptors and enzymes associated with allergic rhinitis." by Roschek B Jr, Fink RC, McMichael M, Alberte RS.(HerbalScience Group LLC, 1004 Collier Center Way, Suite 200, Naples, FL 34110, USA.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Through the use of DART TOF-MS, which yields exact masses and relative abundances of compounds present in complex mixtures, bioactives have been identified in nettle that contribute to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways related to allergic rhinitis. These results provide for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of the role of nettle extracts in reducing allergic and other inflammatory responses in vitro.

7. Butterbur
Has been used over thousand of years in herbal medicine in treating symptoms of allergy, including to treat coughs,, asthma, stress, muscle relaxant, etc..According to the article of "Allergy" posted in The University of Michigan health System, the article indicated Two double-blind studies have compared butterbur extract to standard antihistamine drugs in people with hay fever. The first compared it with the drug cetirizine (Zyrtec) and found the drug and butterbur extract relieved symptoms equally well. However, cetirizine caused significantly more adverse effects, including a high rate of drowsiness.⁴ The second study compared butterbur extract with fexofenadine (Allegra) and placebo. Butterbur extract was as effective as fexofenadine at relieving symptoms, and both were significantly better than placebo.

8. Ginkgo
Ginkgo leaves contain ginkgolides, which inhibit platelet-activating factor cause of asthma and allergies. according to the study of "Ginkgolides Antagonizing Some Effects of Platelet-activating Factor in Vitro" vy Dong JC, Li M, Shi ZY (Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University) posted in Chiro.org, researchers found that exposure of guinea pigs' bronchus to PAF in vitro resulted in a loss of beta-adrenergic receptors and responses to isoproterenol, and this effect of PAF was prevented by prior incubation of the guinea pigs' bronchus with ginkgolides (P < 0.05). The results showed ginkgolides were a potent PAF antagonist.

9. Etc.

B.6.4. Traditional Chinese medicine
Te Xiao Bi Min Gan Wan
a.The formula contains specific herbs used in treating nasal and sinus congestion, sinus headache, itchy eyes, sneezing, and runny & stuffy nose by strengthening the lung Qi to protect the respiratory track by eliminating wind and toxins.

b. Ingredients
1. Xin Yi Hua (Lily Magnolia Flower)
Main use: Disperses Wind-Cold, Unblocks the nose,...
2.Cang Er Zi (Siberian Cocklebur Leaf and Stem)
Main use: Dispels Wind, Clears Heat, Expels toxins,...
3. Huo Xiang (agastache)
Main use: Transforms Dampness and Turbidity Stops vomiting,...
4. Bai Zhi( Angelica Root)
Main use: Expels Wind, Dries Dampness, Resolves oedema, Expels pus,...
5. Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fruit)
Mian use: Clears Heat, Expels toxins, Resolves abscesses, Dissolves nodules,..
6. Jin Yin Hua ( Honeysuckle Flower)
Main use: Clears Heat, Expels toxins,...
7. Feng Fang (Ledebouriella Root)
Main use: Expels Wind, Releases the Exterior, Disperses Dampness, Calms pain,...
8. Gao Ben (Lovage Root)
Main use: Releases the Exterior, Disperses Dampness; and Cold, Expels Wind,...
9. Pu Gong Ying (Dandelion)
Main use: Clears Heat, Expels toxins, Drains Dampness,...
10. Chuan Xiong (Szehuan Lovage Root)
Main use: Moves Blood and Qi, Expels Wind, Calms pain,....
11. Man Jing Zi (Vitex Fruit)
Main use: Drains and Disperse Wind-Heat, Clears Heat from the head and eyes,...
12. Shi Shang Bai (Selaginella)
Main use: Clears Heat, Reduces Toxicity, Drains Damp-Heat,....

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Allergies - Food Allergy

Allergy is the over reaction of immune system to harmless substances after entering our body affecting 1 in every 3 people.

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Causes
Allergy is defined as the type I reactions or Immediate Hypersensitivity as a result of
over production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE), a class of allergic antibody by the immune system against harmless substance that lead to mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, resulting in allergic reaction, including mucus secretion, sneezing, itching, etc.

Types of allergy
A. Food allergy
Food allergy is a result of over production of antibody Immunoglobulin E (IgE) of immune system in responding to harmless ingredients in the foods such as peanut, shrimp, crayfish, lobster, walnuts, peanuts, soy, legume, etc., after eating. Food allergy is severe food intolerance, in some cases, it may be resulted in fatal or hospitalization.
Food allergy can be classified into 2 types, depending to the length of the reaction of the immune system
1. Fixed food allergy
Fixed food allergy is defined as symptoms of allergy appeared immediately as soon as the allergic food is eaten.
2. 2. Marked (Cyclic) allergies
This types of allergic symptoms may taken longer to take effects, usually hour or days after the allergic food is eaten. Coiled foods allergy affects 90% of the patient of all cases.

A. 1. How to determine the severity of the allergic effects
Depending to the allergy stimulating effect, some researchers suggested to scale the severity from 1 to 4 and followed by degeneration scale, but from -1 to -4
A.1.1. The severity scale from +1 to +4
+1. The first level of stimulation
If there is no symptoms at all or If the patient is alert and function morally after allergic is eaten
+2. The second level of stimulation
The patient have become irritable, hyperactive, tense, thirsty, etc. after a suspected allergic foods is eaten
+3. The third level of stimulation
The patient have become hypomanic, aggressive, apprehensive, etc.
+4. The fourth level of stimulation
The patient have become mania, agitation, over excitement, etc.

A.1.2. Degeneration scale from -1 to -4
-1. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of runny nose, hive, diarrhea, etc.
-2. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of tiredness, fatigue, swelling etc.
-3. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of depression, mental disturbance, confusion, mood change, etc.
-4. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of sever depression, paranoia, etc.


A.2. Causes
Researchers knew that food allergy is caused by over production of antibody Immunoglobulin E (IgE), but what trigger such production is still unknown.
a. Genetic passing through?
In a study of "Genetics of food allergy." by Hong X, Tsai HJ, Wang X. from the Source of Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA., researchers found that Genetics in food allergy is a promising research area but is still in its infancy. More studies are needed to dissect susceptible genes of food allergy. A genome-wide association approach may serve as a powerful tool to identify novel genes related to food allergy. Furthermore, the role of gene-environment interaction, gene-gene interaction, and epigenetics in food allergy remains largely unexplored. Given the complex nature of food allergy, future studies need to integrate environment, genomics, and epigenomics in order to better understand the multifaceted etiology and biological mechanisms of food allergy.

b. Environment?
In a study of "Genetic and environmental risk factors for the development of food allergy." by
Björkstén B. from the Source of Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. bengt.bjorksten@cfa.ki.se, researcher found that the causes of food allergy are still unknown and no particular genes associated particularly with food allergy have been identified, although there is a strong association in general between genetic susceptibility to food allergy and that to IgE-mediated allergy. There are still no measures for general recommendation in order to prevent food allergy and no genes have been linked conclusively to disease. Further research concentrating on food allergy is obviously needed.

3. Genetically Modified food
In an article of "Allergy from GM food" posted Sept. 2000, by EUROPEAN FEDERATION of BIOTECHNOLOGY, the author wrote that a new transgenic variety of Soya was developed as an improved animal feed by inserting a gene from the Brazil nut. It turned out in laboratory tests, done before commercialisation, that the new variety was potentially able to cause an allergic reaction in humans and the product was therefore not brought to the market. This shows that laboratory tests are a reliable means of testing GM products or other novel foods for potential allergenicity. Conversely, genetic engineering will, in the future, be able to remove specific genes from crops which may lead to less allergenic foods and thereby improve the life of those suffering from food allergies.

4. Etc.

A.3. Symptoms
Depending to the effect area after allergic food is eaten
1. Central nervous system
Certain allergic food can affect the central nervous system as it can pass through the blood and enter the brain of which interferes with the function, leading impaired thinking, depression, anxiety, inability of concentration, etc.
2. Skin reaction
As a result of the allergic food cause of over production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) of which affect the skin area, leading to rash, itching, inflammation, etc.
3. Respiratory reaction
If the immune system's over production if antibody affects the lung, it can cause breathing difficulty, wheezing, asthma, etc.
4. Digestive system
If the allergy affects the digestive system, it can cause diarrhea, abnormal cramps and pain, itching tongue, vomiting, indigestion, etc.
5. Cardiovascular system
It can cause abnormal beating, pallor, etc.
6. Adrenal system
It can lead to fatigue, low energy, tiredness, etc.
7. Etc.

A.4. Diagnosis
If you are experience food allergy, it is possible to find what types of food have trigger that, eliminating the offending foods can help to avoid the incidence to happen again. After recording the family history and a complete physical exam. you doctor may order
1. Rotation diets
The aim of this diagnosis is to find out types of food that the patient is allergic to. In this diagnosis, you are asked to write down all the foods of which have been eaten in the day when the allergy occurs. then each day one of the food is eaten only once on its rotation day and the length of the rotation cycle may be much longer than four to five days. If the allergic foods are found, you are asked to avoid them several months, then they are reintroduced with small quality to see how the immune system react to them. In most cases, patient can eat once in a specific time length or small quality. If you don't remember what you had eaten that day, your rotation diet will start with broader range of all (Most) foods that you are eaten daily.
2. Skin test
a. Intradermal test
It is one of most common test but time consuming( some patient may return for more 20 time for the injection) in diagnosis of allergy and depending to the symptoms, by injecting small amounts of diluted allergens into the top layers of the skin to see how the immune system react to them.
b. Skin prick testing
Similar to the Intradermal test, but the diagnosis involves in applying a drop of allergen into to punctures made on the skin.

3. Blood test ((RadioAllergoSorbent Test)
This is the test for evaluating of the levels of IgE-mediated food allergies react to a particular allergen. If you RAST score is higher than the predictive value for that food, 95% chance you will have an allergic reaction. Unfortunately, non-IgE mediated allergies cannot be detected by this method.

4. Challenge Tests
Because of the risk of anaphylaxis, most doctors will avoid the test unless it is absolutely necessary and the test is performed only in the hospital. In this test, suspected allergen package into capsule taken by patient and signs or symptoms of an allergic reaction are observed.

5. Kinessiolody
the test is done by placing the suspected allergic food under the tongue of the patient and asked to lower the stretched arms against the force of the doctor. If the patient can not lower the arms, it may be an indication of allergic effect.

6. Etc.

A.5. Preventions
There is no way that a patient can prevent food allergy, unless the patient eat less than the amount that can trigger the allergy or completely withdraw from eating them. According to the article of Possible Causes of Food Allergies posted at Childallergy.com, empowering families and communities managing food allergy, the author wrote that FDA biochemical engineer Tong-Jen Fu, Ph.D., is analyzing methods currently used by scientists to determine the allergenic potential of new proteins that may be introduced in food. "The only way people can avoid allergic reactions to food is to avoid eating those offending foods," says Fu. "But we know that there is some possibility that a new protein in food may be an allergen for some individuals. So it is important to have sound scientific methods for assessing whether a new protein will be an allergen."

A.6. Treatments
A.6.1. Conventional medicine
1. Rotation Diet
In Rotation Diet, you are asked to write down all the foods of which have been eaten in the day when the allergy occurs. then each day one of the food is eaten only once on its rotation day and the length of the rotation cycle may be much longer than four to five days. If the allergic foods are found, you are asked to avoid them several months, then they are reintroduced with small quality to see how the immune system react to them. In most cases, patient can eat once in a specific time length or small quality. If you don't remember what you had eaten that day, your rotation diet will start with broader range of all (Most) foods that you are eaten daily.

2. Anaphylactic reactions
people with sever symptoms of food allergy is advised to carry a self-injectable form of epinephrine, or adrenaline prescribed by their doctors and seek hospital attention as soon as possible.

3. Other mild symptoms
Other mild food allergic symptoms are treat according to the types of medication, including Bronchodilators, anti-allergics, antihistamines, NSAIDs, etc.

A.6.2. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Since Allergies are caused by immune over reaction of certain harmless substance, enhancing immue system is one of the best way to prevent and treat them as some researchers suggested that allergies may be caused by weakened immune system over aggression. Vitamin A, E, C are antioxidants and free radical scavengers, they protect the immune system from free radicals attack and help to reduce levels of histamine in the blood. For more information of antioxidants and health effects

2. Vitamin D
According to the article " Vitamin D deficiency may be a factor in development of allergies posted in Washing Post, Monday, March, 7, 2011, " Allergies and Vitamin D, Youths low in 'sunshine vitamin' may be more prone to allergies",the author wrote that analyzed data on 6,590 people, roughly half of them 21 years of age and younger and half older. The group was deemed representative of the U.S. population. Vitamin D levels were determined by blood tests, as was sensitivity to 17 common allergens. Among the youths, food and environmental allergies were greater in those with lower levels of Vitamin D. Young people deficient in Vitamin D were about twice as likely as those with higher levels of the nutrient to have peanut or ragweed allergies and nearly five times as likely to be allergic to oak.

3. B-complex
in a study of "Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in elderly adults." by Meydani SN, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Russell RM, Sahyoun N, Morrow FD, Gershoff SN., USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs in vitro indices of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly adults. This impairment is reversible by vitamin B-6 repletion.

4. N-accetyl-cysteine (NAC)
It is an antioxidant and an amino acid precursor to glutathione which helps to strengthen immune system against cold, flu and allergy and enhances the respiratory system functioning.

5. Coenzyme Q10
It is an immune and nervous system enhancer, according to the article of "CoQ10 Helps the Immune System and Brain Function" by A.S. Gissen, posted in Immunesupport.com, the author wrote that In 1970, it was first reported that CoQ6 and CoQ10, when administered to rats, significantly enhanced immune cells' ability to kill bacteria, as well as elevated their antibody response.

6. Alpha lipoic acid
Alpha lipoic acid is another antioxidant which promotes the immune system by enhabcing the function of other antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, glutathione, etc. according to the article of "A relatively unknown antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid, may be more potent than vitamins C and E" by Robert Sander, the author wrote that Because both alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are antioxidants, their combined actions give them greater antioxidant potency than any natural antioxidant now known, Packer says. He notes another property of alpha-lipoic acid that makes it a great antioxidant. Since it is soluble in both water and fat, it can move into all parts of the cell to neutralize free radicals. Vitamin C, on the other hand, is limited to the watery parts of cells because it is soluble only in water; while vitamin E is soluble only in fat and sticks to the fatty parts of cells.

8. Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes are absolutely vital to human health, they break down large protein molecules, so essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals can be easily absorbed.
According to the article of "Digestive Enzymes Combat Leaky Gut and Food Allergy" By Dr. CE Gant on 04/14/2011, he wrote that toxin damage causes tiny holes to form in the normally tight barrier between the cells lining the GI Tract (leaky gut), which allows relatively large molecules of food protein to pass through and encounter the immune surveillance (60% + of body’s overall immune system is in and around the GI tract), which then “tricks” the immune system into “believing” the foreign protein from a food is a threat to the body. This sets up an attack mode against perfectly nutritious food protein, which is called a food (and/or “brain”) allergy.

9. Minerals
a. Zinc
It corrects the digestive system cause of allergy as a result of deficient production of stomach acid.
b. Calcium
It beside is considered as essential mineral for healthy bone, calcium is also important to reduce the risk of allergy. According to the study of "Calcium-deficiency rickets in a four-year-old boy with milk allergy." by Davidovits M, Levy Y, Avramovitz T, Eisenstein B.(Nephrology Unit, Children's Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that These findings were thought to be the result of dietary calcium deficiency caused by the prolonged elimination from his diet of cow milk and milk products because of allergy. Adequate intake of calcium resulted in rapid improvement.

c. Potassium
It enhance the adrenal gland function, thus reducing the symptoms of allergy cause of fatigue, weakness, tiredness
d. Magnesium
It is vital to relieve the allergy symptom of asthma and respiratory problems
e. Etc.

10. Etc.

A.6.3. Herbs
1. Panax Ginseng
In a study of "Effects of Red Ginseng extract on allergic reactions to food in Balb/c mice." by

Sumiyoshi M, Sakanaka M, Kimura Y. (Division of Functional Histology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers suggested that It may also protect against sensitization to antigens as an immunomodulator by increasing intestinal IgA secretion without affecting antigen-specific IgE levels. In conclusion, Red Ginseng roots may be a natural preventative of food allergies.

2. Garlic
It is best known for treating cold and flu and enhances immune system against alll types of foreign invasion. According to the study of "Immunomodulatory Effects of Aged Garlic Extract"

Eikai Kyo, Naoto Uda, Shigeo Kasuga and Yoichi Itakur, Posted in the "Journal of Nutrition" in March 2001, researchers strongly suggest that AGE (Aged Garlic Extract) could be a promising candidate as an immune modifier, which maintains the homeostasis of immune functions; further studies are warranted to determine when it is most beneficial.

3. Grape seed extract

Grape seed extract is best known for its antioxidant property in delay aging, it also acts as a natural histamine inhibitor, thus reducing the risk of allergic responses.

4. Licorice root

Beside is nest known to lower stomach acid levels, relieve heartburn and indigestion, licorice root is also boost the levels of interferon of immune system to fight off attacking viruses. According to the article of "Licorice, plantain and nettle herbs used in the treatment of Allergies" posted in Bitteroot restorationthe author wrote that This ( Licorice root) can actually help to counteract many of the symptoms that are associated with allergies.: It also contains substances which work to thin the mucus and soothe to respiratory passages, which can reduce irritation that often accompanies allergies and their symptoms.

5. Turmeric
Turmeric paste has been used in traditional herbal medicine as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, it also helps to treat allergy. According to an article "Vitamin D and turmeric for allergies" by Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon posted in Washington Post, May 11-2009, the authors wrote that In animal studies, turmeric prevents the release of histamine from mast cells (Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, September 2008). If it works similarly in humans, this would prevent allergy symptoms from developing.

6. Sting Netttle
Sting Netttle contains antihistaminics which has been used as cream in treating symptoms of allergy. In a study of "Nettle extract (Urtica dioica) affects key receptors and enzymes associated with allergic rhinitis." by Roschek B Jr, Fink RC, McMichael M, Alberte RS.(HerbalScience Group LLC, 1004 Collier Center Way, Suite 200, Naples, FL 34110, USA.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Through the use of DART TOF-MS, which yields exact masses and relative abundances of compounds present in complex mixtures, bioactives have been identified in nettle that contribute to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways related to allergic rhinitis. These results provide for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of the role of nettle extracts in reducing allergic and other inflammatory responses in vitro.

7. Butterbur
Has been used over thousand of years in herbal medicine in treating symptoms of allergy, including to treat coughs,, asthma, stress, muscle relaxant, etc..According to the article of "Allergy" posted in The University of Michigan health System, the article indicated Two double-blind studies have compared butterbur extract to standard antihistamine drugs in people with hay fever. The first compared it with the drug cetirizine (Zyrtec) and found the drug and butterbur extract relieved symptoms equally well. However, cetirizine caused significantly more adverse effects, including a high rate of drowsiness.⁴ The second study compared butterbur extract with fexofenadine (Allegra) and placebo. Butterbur extract was as effective as fexofenadine at relieving symptoms, and both were significantly better than placebo.

8. Ginkgo
Ginkgo leaves contain ginkgolides, which inhibit platelet-activating factor cause of asthma and allergies. according to the study of "Ginkgolides Antagonizing Some Effects of Platelet-activating Factor in Vitro" vy Dong JC, Li M, Shi ZY (Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University) posted in Chiro.org, researchers found that exposure of guinea pigs' bronchus to PAF in vitro resulted in a loss of beta-adrenergic receptors and responses to isoproterenol, and this effect of PAF was prevented by prior incubation of the guinea pigs' bronchus with ginkgolides (P < 0.05). The results showed ginkgolides were a potent PAF antagonist.

9. Etc.

A.6.4. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. The Chinese herbal formula FAHF-2
In a study of "The Chinese herbal medicine formula FAHF-2 completely blocks anaphylactic reactions in a murine model of peanut allergy." by Srivastava KD, Kattan JD, Zou ZM, Li JH, Zhang L, Wallenstein S, Goldfarb J, Sampson HA, Li XM., Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that FAHF-2 treatment completely eliminated anaphylaxis in mice allergic to peanut challenged as long as 5 weeks posttherapy. This result was associated with downregulation of T H 2 responses. FAHF-2 may be a potentially effective and safe therapy for peanut allergy.

2. Ingredients
1. Lingzhi (Reishi Mushroom)
Main use: Tonifies Qi and Body Fluids, Nourishes Yin and Blood, Strengthens the Spleen and the Stomach,...
2. Wu Mei (Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit)
Main use: Strengthens the Lungs, Nourishes the Kidneys, Promotes generation of Body Fluids, Stops sweating, Stops diarrhea,...
3. Chuan Jiao (Szechuan Pepper Fruit)
Main use: Warms the Middle Burner, Disperses Cold, Alleviates Abdominal Pain, ....
4. Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome)
Main use: Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire; Expels toxins.....
5. Huang Bai (Amur Cork Tree Bark)
Main use: Clears Damp Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Expels toxins,....
6. Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger)
Main use: Warms the Middle Burner, Warms the Lungs, Transforms Phlegm,....
7. Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig)
Main use: Releases the Exterior, Warms the Channels, Tonifies the Yang,...
8. Ren Shen (Ginseng Root)
Main use: Strongly tonifies Original Qi, Tonifies the Spleen and Lungs; Promotes generation of Body Fluids, Relieves thirst,...
9. Dang Gui (Chinese Angelica Root)
Main use: Tonifies and Moves Blood, Calms pain, Moistens the Intestines,.....

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Acne

There are many types of skin diseases in this world, the most common one is acne. Most people know acne is caused by dirt in oily skin pores, but little is known that acne is also caused by the system of toxins in the body. If our liver and kidney can not cleanse all toxins in the body, then our skin become the third source for cleansing the remainder of toxins.

Acne Free in 1 night Guaranteed
Step by Step Guide That Focuses on Natural Techniques
to Permanently Cure Acne by Louise Griffin (Naturopath)

Types of Skin Acne
1. Acne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris are most commonly skin diseases in puberty, as a result of an increase in testosterone, typically of the face and shoulders, chest, back, etc., according to the article of "Acne" by Dr.William D. James, M.D. posted in The NeW England Journal of Medicine, the author indicated that acne affects more than 85 percent of teenagers but frequently continues into adulthood....

2. Acne rosacea
Acne rosacea is a chronic condition of a red rash predominantly on the face as a result of the increase of blood flow of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.

3. Acne conglobata
Acne conglobata is an uncommon and unusually severe and highly inflammatory form of acne presenting with comedones, nodules and abscesses found on the chest, the shoulders, the back, the buttocks, etc. According to the article of " Mutilating Facial Acne Conglobata by Patterson WM, Stibich AS, Dobke M, Schwartz RA posted in Cutis. 2000;66:139-140, that authors indicated that Acne conglobata, a severe form of acne vulgaris, often produces pronounced disfigurement. We describe a 23-year-old man with acne conglobata. Although this type of acne is often more marked on the back rather than on the face, our patient was unusual in that it was localized mainly to the cheeks.

4. Acne cosmetica
Acne are caused by the use of cosmetic products, including making the acne problem worse. the disease mostly happens to individuals who use cosmetics on a daily or frequent user.

5. Acne fulminans
Acne fulminan is an sever form of acne conglobata occurs after unsuccessful treatment for another form of acne. Many researchers believe that ance fulminan is a result of immunologically induced disease causes a rise in sebum and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria due to elevation of the level of testosterone.

6. Acne medicamentosa -
Acne medicamentosa are caused by starting or stopping a medicine caused by hormone change such as corticosteroids.

7. Baby acne
Baby acne as the name, it is a rash on the cheeks, chin, and forehead of approximately 20% of infants. Many researchers believe it is caused by increased sensitivity of sebaceous glands to maternal hormones in pregnancy.

8. Etc.

Symptoms
1. Blackheads
As a result of excesive oils accumulated in the sebaceous gland's duct which have undergone through a chemical reaction cause of oxidation. Sebaceous gland is a small gland responsible for secreting of the greasiness of the skin.

2. Cystic Acne
Cystic acne is large acne lesions and develops when untreated nodules advance in growth and development as a result of inflammation.

3. Papules (small red bumps)
Papule is type of a solid, elevated spot on the skin that is less than 1 cm wide with either either brown, purple, pink or red in color.

4. Pustules
Pustule is a small elevation of the skin consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells as a result of inducing a sterile inflammatory response of the cells.

5. Scarring of the skin
As a result of an inflamed lesion of papules, pustules, or cysts have damaged the inner layer of skin that can not heal properly.

6. Whiteheads
As a result of excessive oils accumulated in the sebaceous gland's duct which have not undergone through a chemical reaction cause of oxidation. Sebaceous gland is a small gland responsible for secreting of the greasiness of the skin.

7. Etc.

Causes
A. External cause of acne
Acne caused by dirt and oil plug up your skin's pores. If the bacteria gets trapped, then the skin gets red and inflamed and you get pimples. This generally is a result of improper diet.

B. Internal cause of acne
1. Berms and bacteria
Acne caused by excessive amounts of germs existing in a person's system. The liver and kidney working to cleanse the system of toxins are unable to remove all germs completely, the extra burden is placed on the skin to remove them.
2. Family history
Person with family history of acne are at higher risk to develop acne him/herself.
3. Oily skin
Oily skin can result of clogging the pores.
4. Medication
The begin and stop using of certain medication can cause hormone change causing acne. Intake of certain medication such as corticosteroids or testosterone pill increases the risk of acne.

5. Unsuitable cosmetic products

Certain cosmetic product may contains comodogenic ingredients that worsens the problem of acne.

6. Excessive and constant sweating

As excessive and constant sweating can result of clogging the pores.
7. Heredity
Acne can be genetic passing through from parent to their child, If both of your parents had acne, you're even more likely to have it.
8. Weather and working environment
Hot, humid climates and work condition can increase the risk of acne.
9. Etc.

Treatments

A. Conventional medicine
1. Antibiotics
Antibiotic is a type of a chemical substance produced by a microorganism, which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms to decrease in the number of bacteria in and around the follicle, including
1.1. Oral antibiotics (taken by mouth)
a. Tetracycline
Tetracycline is produced by the Streptomyces genus of Actinobacteria, used treat acne and against bacterial infections.
b. Doxycycline
Doxycycline, a member of the tetracycline antibiotics group produced by Pfizer Inc., commonly used to treat a variety of infections, including acne.
c. Minocycline
A It is a bacteriostatic antibiotic used to treat acne.
d. Etc.

1.2. Topical antibiotics
Topical antibiotics applied to the surface to treat infections of the skin as a result of acne. Most common types of topical antibiotics includes
a. Clindamycin
It is a lincosamide antibiotic used to treat acne caused by infections.

b. Erythromycin
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic, similar to the penicillin used to treat acne.

c. Dapsone Creams or gels
According to the "Dapsone Gel Shows Benefit for Treatment of Acne Vulgaris" by Peggy Pecka. From Medscape Medical News, the author wrote that both studies showed that the dapsone resulted in a substantial reduction in both inflammatory and noninflammatory acne with minor adverse effects, such as mild to moderate reactions at the site of treatment, headache, and runny nose.

d. Retinoic acid cream or gel
According to the study of "Retinoic acid in acne therapy." by F. W. Danby, the author wrote that since that time v has been used in millions doses in US. and Canada. It is superb material when used as directed and have protential of reducing the cost of acne care substantially.

b. Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide is an genetic compound in the peroxide family used to treat acne by introducing oxygen into the pore to treat bacteria cause of acne breakouts.

c. Topical azelaic acid
Azelaic acid is an genetic compound with the formula (CH2)7(CO2H) used to treat moderate cases of comedonal and inflammatory acne as a result of growth of skin bacteria. In a study of Azelaic acid in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials." by Liu RH, Smith MK, Basta SA, Farmer ER., Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, reseachers found that Azelaic acid in 20% cream and 15% gel formulations appears to be effective in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea, particularly in regard to decreases in mean inflammatory lesion count and erythema severity. Compared with metronidazole, azelaic acid appears to be an equally effective, if not better, treatment option.

2. Acne as a result of hormone change
2.1. Spironolactone
If acne is caused by androgen production stimulates sebaceous glands by inhibiting the biologic effects of androgens. Spironolactone is a diuretic and used as an antiandrogen.

2.2.Birth control pills
Birth control pill can reduce the production of androgens, thus reducing the risk of acne.
According to the study of "Pharmacology of hormonal contraceptives and acne." by O'Connell K, Westhoff C. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York,USA. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Oral contraceptives (OCs) decrease free testosterone levels by reducing testosterone production by the ovaries and adrenal glands, increasing SHBG, and inhibiting conversion of free testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Studies have shown that the progestin component of OCs lowers androgen levels, which are directly associated with the development of acne lesions. Currently, 3 OCs have received approval for acne from the US Food and Drug Administration. For patients with acne who are already benefiting from OC treatment, there is no need to change the OC; however, when an OC proves insufficient against sebum production, switching to a formulation that is approved for acne is recommended.

3. Other treatments
1. A laser procedure called photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic theray is a procedure in which a photosensitizing agent (Levulan) is applied to the infected skin by activating a special wavelength of light to treat a variety of different skin conditions, including acne.

2. Cortisone
It is the procedure to removal, drainage, or injection of cysts with cortisone.

3. Isotretinoin (Accutane)
It is a medication used to treat severe cystic acne vulgaris.

4. Etc.

B. In common approach
Always wash your body immediately after exercise, work out, etc. with mild soap and tepid water. Keep your skin clean all the time, specially your face. For acne treatment and cure you might want to try some of the following natural remedies mixtures.
1. Cream and lotion
Be sure before applying skin cream or lotion in acne effected area, wash it with mild soap and tepid water because water too hot or too cold might cause the breaking of capillaries (small veins). The best choice of acne cream and lotion is the one made by using ingredients of natural remedies that exist in the kitchen of your home for cost effectiveness and little or no side effect. You can find some acne formulas in this article. For convenience, there are plenty of acne creams and lotions in pharmacy drug stores. Be sure to choose one that does not contain chemicals causing side effects to your sensitive skin. Ask the pharmacist in the drug store which is the best approach. Please note that chemicals help to preserve the product might cause side effects to your sensitive skin.

2. Reducing the intake of saturated fat
Saturated fat intake causing the build up of cholesterol in capillaries, the small veins in your skin. Without giving enough oxygen to it, your skin becomes oily and easy to attract dirt, causing acne. To avoid this, you should substitute your red meat intake by 4- 8 servings every week with fish. They not only have good sources of protein as meat but also guards against the cholesterol build up in small veins in your skin.

3. Lower your body toxins
The system of toxins in your body exist in result of poor diet. If the liver and kidney are not able to get rid of these toxins completely, the skin becomes an extra burden to remove them, causing acne. To avoid this, adding some delicious antioxidants super-foods in your diet will help to solve this problem quickly such as garlic, ginger, etc.

4. Eat foods that purify your blood
Foods that help to purify your blood stream will increase the circulation of blood to your skin, helping the skin to become more healthy and immune from any skin problems such as acne. you can find these foods in these articles.

C. Diet
1. Diet Change
In order to reduce the toxins in the body and prevent acne in the first place, everyday diet becomes one important factor. Reducing the excessive amount of processed fatty and fried foods intake. These are the main factors causing your skin to become oily and increases the risk of acne. The Carb Rotation Diet (this is a diet in which you change the amount of daily carbohydrates calories that you consume from one day to the next and also change the type of food that you eat),and the Mediterranean diet (it follows a dietary pattern in which exercise, fruits, vegetables, carbohydrates, fish and olive oil are the main ingredients.) would help to reduce the intake of toxins in your body therefore without giving the liver and kidney extra burden to cleanse the system of toxins.

2. Green Foods:
Green foods contain amino acids, plus vitamin A , E, beta-carotene, and other important vitamins and minerals such as wheat-grass, broccoli, and water algae that helps to purify your blood thus helping liver and kidney to clean the body of toxins that can trigger acne.

3. Red Tea:
Red tea has some powerful natural antioxidants and enzymes that help in renewed skin health following the removal of dead skin cells. Also flavonoids in red tea help in treating assorted skin and circulatory problems. In general, drinking red tea would help in keeping skin healthy and removes the chance of acne.

4. Natural Remedies:
a) Silymarin in milk thistle improves the function of the liver, protecting the liver from damage caused by viruses, toxins, and alcohol.
b) The kidneys are stimulated by the dandelion and at the same time it enables the rapid removal of toxins through the urine produced.
c) Garlic and onion
Garlic and onion For blood fortifier. Raw garlic and onion are said to do a super job of blood fortifying. These two super-foods also have the power in helping liver and kidney to cleanse the system of toxins. Since the liver and kidney are able to remove all toxins completely from the body, there is no burden for the skin. That means you get healthy skin with no acne.
d) Water and Juice:
Be sure to drink a combined of at least 8 ounces of water and juice each day to help the kidney to remove toxins through urine produced. Without enough liquids, high concentrations of crystal in the urine will cause the formation of kidney stones.

5. Etc.

D. Home made remedies
1. Believe or not, the number one choice is baby urine. Apply wet baby diaper to the affected area and you will see amazing results in a few weeks.

2. Boil 1/2 cup of buttermilk, add some honey while it is still hot to get a thick, creamy consistency and apply the warm mixture on the effected area. Leave it on for 15 minutes then wash it off with tepid water.

3. Extract cucumber juice from organic cucumber and apply the juice to the affected area everyday. Leave it for 15 minutes then wash it off with tepid water.

4. Wash your face with mild soap and tepid water, then apply a thin layer of extra-virgin olive oil. Do not wash it off. Let the skin completely absorb the olive oil. Do it everyday.

5. Mash 1 cup of strawberry and 2 cups of apple cider vinegar, strain the pulp and seeds after 4 hours then massage the liquid on your face. After 15 minutes, wash it off with tepid water.

6. Etc.

E. Traditional Chinese medicine
Huang Lian Shang Qing Pian (Wan)
1. Tradition Chinese medicine is defined acne as a condition caused by an excess of heat and dampness according to Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, is an official compendium of drugs, covering Traditional Chinese and western medicines, and giving information on the standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage, and the strength for each drug.
2. Ingredients
a. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan lovage)
Main use: Moves Blood, Moves Qi, Expels Wind, Calms pain...
b. Man Jin Zi (Chastetree Fruit)
Main use: Drains Wind-Heat, Disperses Wind-Heat, Eliminates and Clears Heat...
c. Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Root)
Main use: Releases the Exterior, Expels Wind, Disperses Dampness, Calms pain...
d. Gao Ben (Chinese Lovage Root)
Main use: Releases the Exterior, Expels Wind, Disperses Dampness, Calms pain...
e. Jie Geng (Platycodon Root)
Main use: Stimulates the Lung,Transforms Phlegm...
f. Fang Feng (Ledebouriella Root)
Main use: Expels Wind, Releases the Exterior, Disperses Dampness, Calms pain...
g. Gan Cao ( Licorice Root)
Main use: Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Moistens the Lungs, Calms cough...
h. Bai Zhi (Angelica Root)
Main use: Releases the Exterior, Expels Wind, Dries Dampness, Resolves oedema, Expels pus...
i. Ju Hua (Chrysanthemum Flower)
Main use: Drains Wind, Clears Heat, Expels toxins....
j. Huang Lian (Figwort Flower)
Main use: Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Expels toxins....
k. Da Huang (Rhubarb Root)
Main use: Eliminates Heat, Disperses Fire, Expels toxins, Invigorates Blood, Eliminates Blood. accumulation....
l. Huang Qin (Skullcap Root)
Main use: Clears Heatm Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Expels toxins....
m. Xuan Shen ( Figwort Root)
Main use: Clears Heat, Expels toxins, Nourishes Yin...
n. Jing Jie (Schizonepeta Stem)
Main use: Expels Wind, Releases the Exterior,Stops bleeding...
o. Bo He ( Peppermint)
Main use: Disperses Wind-Heat, Drains Wind-Heat, Eliminates Fire...
p. Zhi Zi (gardenia fruit)
Main use: Disperses Fire, Clears Heat, Drains Dampness, Cools Blood, Expels toxins...
q. Lian Qiao (Forsythia Fruit)
Main use: Clears Heat, Expels toxins, Resolves abscesses, Dissolves nodules...

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease, is defined as a chronic condition of liquid stomach acid refluxing back up from the stomach into the esophagus, causing heartburn. According to the study of "Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease." by DeVault KR, Castell DO; American College of Gastroenterology, GERD is defined as symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.

Stop Acid reflux Now
Finally! Simple, Easy-To-Follow Methods Effectively
Overcome Aggrevating Acid Reflux, Heartburn & GERD - Fast...

Symptoms
A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Adult
A.1. Symptoms
1. Heartburn
Heart burn is one of common symptom of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adult, as a result of acid reflux cause of burning sensation or pain in the middle of the chest mostly after meal.

2. Regurgitation
In gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), regurgitation is the expulsion of a small amount of digested foods to the mouth from esophagus. frequent or prolonged regurgitation can lead to acid-induced erosion of the teeth, bad breath or damage to the esophagus.

3. Trouble swallowing
It is caused by damage of the muscles and tissues that must flex for swallowing, as a result of prolonged period of acid reflux that has left untreated.

4. Nausea

It is one of uncommon of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), but is is associated to some people with the disease.

5. Pain when swallow
It may be caused by the damage or infection of the esophagus.

6. Asthma
In a study of The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and asthma: a systematic review" by B D Havemann, C A Henderson, H B El-Serag, posted in a international journal of gastroenteroloy and hepatology, researchers found that this systematic review indicates that there is a significant association between GORD and asthma, but a paucity of data on the direction of causality.

7. Etc.

A.2. Complication
In some severe cases as a result of frequent acid reflux.
1. Ulcers
Damage of the esophagus can lead to result of ulcers as a result of inflammation forming of scar.

2. Esophageal strictures
Prolonged period and frequent acid reflux, if keft untreated can lead to inflammation cause of narrowing of the esophagus

3. Barrett's esophagus
In a study of . "Updated guidelines 2008 for the diagnosis, surveillance and therapy of Barrett's esophagus" by Kenneth K. Wang, M.D. and Richard E. Sampliner, M.D.
The Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology, researchers wrote that screening for Barrett’s esophagus remains controversial because of the lack of documented impact on mortality from EAC. The large number of patients that lack reflux symptoms but have Barrett’s esophagus provides a diagnosis challenge. The highest yield for Barrett’s is in older (age 50 or more) Caucasian males with longstanding heartburn.

4. Esophageal adenocarcinoma
In GICS 2009: EGF Genetic Variant Increases Risk for GERD-Associated Esophageal Adenocarcinoma " by Roxanne Nelson posted by Medscape Newa Today, the author wrote that January 16, 2009 (San Francisco, California) — Specific mutations in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene appear to increase the risk for esophageal cancer in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), according to research presented here at the 2009 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Compared with the EGF wild-type A/A genotype, presence of the G/G variant was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.90 for esophageal cancer, but the correlation between the G/G genotype and esophageal cancer risk was evident only among patients who also had GERD.

5. Etc.

B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Children
According to statistic, over 35% of 4 million babies born in the U.S. each year have some kinds of splitting up after feeding in the first few months of their life.
1. Vomiting
Acid reflux can cause repeated vomiting in children
2. A sore, raw throat or hoarse voice
These may be result of acid reflux causing damage of the voice box.
3. Sour taste of acid
Frequent acid reflux that lead sour taste in the mouth
4. Trouble swallowing
It may be caused by inflammation of the the esophagus
5. Bad breath
6. Frequent coughing
It can be caused by foods entering the air way during acid reflux
7. Failure to gain weight
As a result of loss of appetite
8. Etc.


Causes
1. Slower in emptying of the stomach after eating
Most uncommon causes of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is due to the distention of the stomach with food over prolonged period of time that can lead to reflux. Approximately 20% of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are caused the reason above.

2. Cardia
Cardia is the area between the part of the stomach and the esophagus. It is angle where the esophagus enters the stomach and acts as a valve to prevent foods and others to reflux back to the esophagus. If the cardia is not functioning well, it can cause Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD with burning sensation of the esophagus.

3. Esophageal contractile defection
If the esophageal contraction fails to performed its function of proper swallowing food, it may not generate enough waves of contractions to push the foods down to the stomach after swallowing and the acid back into the stomach.

4. Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia is a condition of a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm. According to the study of Nocturnal Reflux Episodes Following the Administration of a Standardized Meal. Does Timing Matter?Michael Piesman, M.D.; Inku Hwang, M.D.; Corinne Maydonovitch, B.S.; Roy K.H. Wong, M.D, posted in Medscape news Today, researchers found that GERD patients consuming a late-evening meal had significantly greater supine acid reflux compared to when they consumed an early meal, especially in overweight patients, and in patients with esophagitis or HH. These findings support the recommendations to our GERD patients to eat dinner early and to lose weight.

5. Obesity
Obesity increase the risk of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In a sudy of "The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity." by Friedenberg FK, Xanthopoulos M, Foster GD, Richter JE., the authors wrote that weight loss, through caloric restriction and behavioral modification, has been studied infrequently as a means of improving reflux. Bariatric surgery and its effects on a number of obesity-related disorders have been studied more extensively. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been consistently associated with improvement in the symptoms and findings of GERD.

6. Esophageal mucosa
In a study of "Halimeter ppb Levels as the Predictor of Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease." by Kim JG, Kim YJ, Yoo SH, Lee SJ, Chung JW, Kim MH, Park DK, Hahm KB. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Erosive changes in the esophageal mucosa were strongly associated with VSC levels, supporting the hypothesis that halitosis can be a potential biomarker for the discrimination between ERD and NERD, reflecting the presence of erosive change in the lower esophagogastric junction.

7. Medication
The use of medication such as prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension, an adrenocortical steroid product can increase the risk of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

8. Chronic diseases
Chronic diseases, including cough, pulmonary fibrosis, earache, and asthma are also associated with the higher risk of develop Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

9. Infection
Infection caused by H. pylori can increase the risk of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). According to the study of "Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastric acid hyposecretion" by EM El-Omar, K Oien, A El-Nujumi, D Gillen, A Wirz, S Dahill, C Williams, JE Ardill, KE McColl posted in Gastroenterology, researchers concluded that in some subjects, chronic H. pylori infection produces a body-predominant gastritis and profound suppression of gastric acid secretion that is partially reversible with eradication therapy. (Gastroenterology 1997 Jul;113(1):15-24).

10. Etc.

Diagnosis and tests
If you are experience some of the above symptoms, after recording your family history and physical exam, the following test may be recommended by your doctor
1. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) also known as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a diagnosis procedure allowing your doctor to check for any abnormality in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum after a flexible endoscope inserted down the throat.
If any abnormality is found, your doctor order further examinations.

2. Barium swallow
Barium swallow is a medical imaging procedure which allows your doctor to examine the upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract, to exam the lining of the esophagus and the stomach, after you have drunk a suspension of barium sulfate.

3. Chest X-rays
A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest that allows your doctor to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum.

4. Biopsy
A biopsy is a test of removal sample of cells or tissues for examination and determination of the grade and type of the tumors by examining them under a microscope by a pathologist or chemically, if the location of the tumor allows the test to be done without major risk to the patient.

4. Esophageal manometry
Esophageal manometry is a test with the use of a pressure-sensitive tube-like thin instrument passed through your mouth or nose and into your stomach to allow your doctor to examine the motor function of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES), Esophageal body and Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES).

5. Etc.

Prevention
A. GERD Diet
According to the The GERD Diet (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) in McKinley Health Center of The university of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Dietary modifications are recommended to lessen the likelihood of reflux and to avoid irritation of sensitive or inflamed esophageal tissue. Listed below are several recommendations that may help to manage GERD:
1. Decrease total fat intake - High fat meals and fried foods tend to decrease LES pressure and delay
2. Avoid large meals - Large meals increase the likelihood of increased gastric (stomach) pressure and reflux.
3. Decrease total caloric intake if weight loss is desired - Since obesity may promote reflux, weight loss
may be suggested by your healthcare provider to control reflux. Reducing both total fat and caloric intake will aid in weight loss.
4. Avoid chocolate - Chocolate contains methylxanthine, which has been shown to reduce LES pressure by causing relaxation of smooth muscle.
5. Avoid coffee depending on individual tolerance - Coffee, with or without caffeine, may promote gastroesophageal reflux. Coffee may be consumed if it is well tolerated.
6. Avoid other known irritants - Alcohol, mint, carbonated beverages, citrus juices, and tomato products all may aggravate GERD. These products may be consumed depending on individual tolerance.
B. Other modifications for treating GERD
7. Maintain upright posture during and after eating.
8. Stop smoking.
9. Avoid clothing that is tight in the abdominal area.
10. Avoid eating within 3 hours before bedtime.
11. Lose weight if you are overweight.
12. Sleep on your left side.
13. Chew non-mint gum which will increase saliva production and decrease acid in the esophagus.
14. Elevate the head of your bed 4-6 inches by placing bricks under the headboard. (Source)


Treatments
A. Conventional medicine
A.1. Medication
1. Proton-pump inhibitors
Proton-pump inhibitors including omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, are used to reduce the production of gastric acid in the stomach.

2. H₂ receptor blockers
H₂ receptor blockers include ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine, etc.. In a study of " Meta-analysis: the efficacy of over-the-counter gastro-oesophageal reflux disease therapies." by Tran T, Lowry AM, El-Serag HB., posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health , researchers found that Over-the-counter medications are effective in treating symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Compared with the placebo response, which ranged between 37% and 64%, the relative benefit increase was up to 41% with histamine-2 receptor antagonists, 60% with alginate/antacid combinations, and 11% with antacids.

3. 5HT₄ agonist
According to the study of "The effect of mosapride, a novel prokinetic, on acid reflux variables in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease." by Ruth M, Hamelin B, Röhss K, Lundell L., posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that
Mosapride 40 mg q.d.s. is effective in decreasing acid reflux in the oesophagus in patients with GERD and therefore has the potential to be effective in the treatment of this disease.

4. GABA-B Receptor Agonists
In an article of "Medical Management of GERD" From Medscape Gastroenterology by Ronnie Fass, MD, FACP, FACG., the author wrote that Richard Holloway from Adelaide, Australia, reviewed the current studies assessing the role of baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, in the treatment of patients with GERD. He emphasized that the drug inhibits 34% to 60% of the TLESRs and improves basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure.

5. Antacids
Antacids are oral medicine used to relieve symptom of heartburn of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERB).

4. Promotility Agents
Promotility Agents are used to improve GERD symptoms for patients with slow gastric emptying by stimulating the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract to reduce acid reflux into the esophagus.

5. Etc.

A.2. Surgery
1. Fundoplication Surgery
The aim of the sugery is to reduce heartburn caused by acid reflux, in severe case of inflammation, hiatal hernia, damage of esophagus, etc.. Fundoplication surgery is the procedure to treat Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) by strengthening the valve between the esophagus and stomach as the upper curve of the stomach is wrapped and satured around the lower end of the esophagus to prevent acid from backing up into the esophagus with a laparoscopic with a small tunnel made from the stomach muscle to allow foods of the lower part of the esophagus to pass through. The sugery is also by times for the esophagus to heal. Acccording to the artilce of "Barrett's esophagus: the role of laparoscopic fundoplication" by Abbas E. Abbas MD, Claude Deschamps MD, Stephen D. Cassivi MD, Mark S. Allen MD, Francis C. Nichols, III MD, Daniel L. Miller MD and Peter C. Pairolero MD, posted in ScienceDirect, researcher found that laparoscopic fundoplication is effective in controlling symptoms in the majority of patients with BE. While disappearance of BE may occur in some patients, the possibility of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma is not eliminated by laparoscopic fundoplication. Therefore, endoscopic surveillance should continue.

B. Herbs
1. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice has been used by people with gastric and peptic ulcers for nearly a hundred years. in a study of "Secretin as a potential mediator of antiulcer actions of mucosal protective agents." by Takeuchi T, Shiratori K, Watanabe S, Chang JH, Moriyoshi Y, Shimizu K., posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researcher found that the three antiulcer agents FM 100, plaunotol, and teprenon have been shown to increase the content of endogenous prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa, endogenous secretin released by these agents may play a significant role in their mucosal protective action. It is concluded that the antiulcer effect of these drugs could in part be attributable to their unique ability to release endogenous secretin, and that secretin is a potential mediator of the antiulcer actions of mucosal protective agents

2. Aloe Vera
According to the article of "Effect Of Orally Consumed Aloe Vera Juice On Gastrointestinal Function In Normal Humans, excerpts By Jeffrey Bland, Ph.D. (Linus Pauling Institute of Science & Medicine) involved ten healthy subjects - five men (median age: 42; standard deviation: 14 years), and five women (median age: 32; standard deviation: 5 years) - engaged in a semicontrolled Aloe vera juice oral supplementation study protocol., researchers found that The function of Aloe vera juice in promoting, proper gastrointestinal function, based upon the
information from this preliminary study, may be to regulate gastrointestinal pH while improving
gastrointestinal motility, increasing stool specific gravity, and reducing populations of certain fecal micro-organisms, including yeast.

3. Mastic gum
According to the article of Strategies to Protect Against Potential Bone-Destroying Effects"By Chris D. Meletis, ND, the aithor wrote that While much of the research on mastic gum revolves around its ability to support the health of patients with ulcers and its ability to inhibit the bacteria H. pylori, clinically it has been equally useful in patients with GERD and acid reflux.

4. Ginger
Ginger has been used for thousands of years to enhance the function of digestive system and treat stomach distress including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and in digestion, acid reflux, motion sickness, dyspepsia, etc. due to its due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic properties. According to the study of " Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and the gingerols inhibit the growth of Cag A+ strains of Helicobacter pylori." by Mahady GB, Pendland SL, Yun GS, Lu ZZ, Stoia A., researchers found that The methanol extract of ginger rhizome inhibited the growth of all 19 strains in vitro with a minimum inhibitory concentration range of 6.25-50 micrograms/ml. One fraction of the crude extract, containing the gingerols, was active and inhibited the growth of all HP strains with an MIC range of 0.78 to 12.5 micrograms/ml and with significant activity against the CagA+ strains.

5. Peppermint
According to the study of A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.)." by McKay DL, Blumberg JB. posted in , researchers wrote that In vitro, peppermint has significant antimicrobial and antiviral activities, strong antioxidant and antitumor actions, and some antiallergenic potential. Animal model studies demonstrate a relaxation effect on gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, analgesic and anesthetic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system... However, human studies of peppermint leaf are limited and clinical trials of peppermint tea are absent. Adverse reactions to peppermint tea have not been reported, although caution has been urged for peppermint oil therapy in patients with GI reflux, hiatal hernia or kidney stones.

6. Etc.

C. Traditional Chinese medicine
a. Ban Xia Xie Xin Wan, also known as "Pinellia Drain Epigastrium Pills" was recorded in classic texts around 210 C.E. Though often referred to as heartburn in classical Chinese medical literature, has been used in TCM to treat various gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis, enteritis, gastric ulcer, gastralgia. In a study of "The effects of hange-shashin-to on gastric function in comparison with sho-saiko-to." by Y Kase, M Yuzurihara, S Iizuka, A Ishige, Y Komatsu, researchers suggested that suggest that TJ-14 exhibits an anti-ulcer action (probably based on its ability to protect the gastric mucosa), improvement of gastric emptying and an anti-emetic action. TJ-9 also showed anti-ulcer effects, probably based on its ability to suppress gastric secretion and to protect the gastric mucosa. Thus, the present study demonstrated the effectiveness of TJ-14 and TJ-9 against gastric disease, and provided basic data which explain the differences in clinical application between these two kampo medicines.

b. Ingredients
b.1. Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber)
Main use: Dries Dampness, Transforms Phlegm, Stops vomiting, Resolves masses, Disperses nodules....
b.2. Huang Qin (Skullcap Root)
Main use: Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Expels toxins, Stops bleeding...
b.3. Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root)
Main use: Tonifies the Middle Burner, Strengthens Qi, Promotes generation of Body Fluids, Nourishes Blood....
b.4. Gan Cao ( Licorice Root)
Main use: Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Moistens the Lungs, Calms cough...
b.5. Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome)
Main use: Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Expels toxins...
b.6. Bai Shao
Main use: Nourishes Blood, Preserves the Yin, Nourishes the Liver, Calms pain....

b.7. Chen Pi
Main use: Regulates the Qi, Regulates the Middle, Dries Dampness, Transforms Phlegm...

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