Anemia Due to Chronic Diseases/Chronic Anemia or Anemia of inflammatory response

Anemia is defined as a health condition in which our body do not have enough red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood to carry the function of delivery oxygen and nutrient to the tissue, including organs and cells. To read more about Anemia, click here

Anemia can be classified into acute and chronic anemia

Anemia due to chronic disease is a types of blood disorder as a result effected by one or more chronic medical condition(s), causing reduced red blood cells production.

Acute anemia denotes as short term drops of red blood red cells production. Most of the times, it is caused heavy internal bleeding or blood loss due to injure. It is a serious problem, in most cases, it requires medical attention immediately.

Diagnosis

Anemia can be classified 3 different categories due to its causes of decreased red blood cell production, increased red blood cells destruction, and blood loss.

In chronic anemia, a simple blood test will review the underlie of the causes

1. Chronic anemia with iron deficiency

In this case, the levels of ferritin found in the test is normal or high but the cells are not releasing their iron because in iron deficiency anemia, the levels of ferritin is lower than normal.

2. Chronic anemia with iron deficiency
The levels of total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) should be lower in chronic anemia with iron deficiency, as it reflects the inability the body to produce more transferrin, making bind up of iron not necessary.

Types of chronic diseases that cause chronic anemia
If you are in medical treatments of any chronic disease, you may be given all kinds of information related to its affects, including anemia. Sometimes prescription is given ahead of time to prevent anemia before it can happen, other time, you may require to take some types of supplements or drugs, depending to your situation. There are many types of chronic diseases associated with anemia
1. Autoimmune Gastritis
Gastritis inflammatory condition of the stomach as a result of injured respond of white blood cells in the stomach. If the disease is left untreated, it can lead to chronic condition, causing pernicious anemia.
2. Peptic ulcer
Peptic ulcer is defined as a condition of erosion of the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. It can lead to internal bleeding, causing chronic anemia, if left untreated.
3. Liver disease
Liver disease as a result of alcohol drinking can cause Macrocytosis, a condition of enlargement of red blood cells with near-constant hemoglobin concentration, leading to pernicious anemia. Other liver disease caused by hepatitis virus, can lead to decrease red blood cell count (hemoglobin), causing chronic anemia.
4. Kidney disease
kidney disease can affect the production of hormone erythropoietin, leading to reduced signal to bone marrow for increase production of more red blood cells.
5. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is defined as condition of deficiency of thyroid hormone. the main cause is due to Iodine deficiency, leading to iron-deficiency cause of chronic anemia, if left untreated. (insufficient iron)

6. Sickle cell disease
It is an genetic blood disorder disease passing from generation to generation with a abnormal red blood cells shapes as a result of a mutation in the haemoglobin gene.
7. Hypermenorrhea
Hypermenorrhea or ecessive heavy menstruation can be caused either by (uterine bleeding) hormonal disorders associted with absolute or relative hyperestrogenism due deficiency of progesterone or fibroid tumors (uterine leiomyomata), polyps and cancer
8. Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a disorder of abnormally low amount of platelets, leading to with abnormal bleeding.
9. Cancer
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10. Poor diet
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11. Iron deficiency
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12. Etc.

Types of chronic anemia
1. Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia is defined as a chronoc anemia caused by many conditions including iron deficiency, Beta-Thalassemia trait, lead poisoning, chronic illness or inflammation, and sideroblastic anemia (Korones & Cohen, 1997; Wu et al., 2002)

2. Macrocytic anemia
Macrocytic anemia is defined as a condition of not having enough healthy red blood cells in body to transport oxygen and nutrients to the body tissue and organ as a result of insufficiency of vitamin B12.

3. Normocytic anemia
Normocytic anemia is a common disease, occurring to men and women over 85 years old as a result of low red blood cell volume as result of a decreased production of normal-sized red blood cells, an increased destruction or loss of red blood cells, deficiency of vitamin B6, B12, etc.

4. Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia is defined as a condition of not enough red blood cells in the blood, as a result of the premature destruction due to abnormal breaking down of red blood cells (hemolysis) either in the blood vessels or elsewhere in the body.

5. Etc.

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